I am presenting my paper as medication to treat an ailment called ankylosing spondylitis and the classification is for analgesic category. The medication brand name I choose is Hirudinea it’s a fresh water kind of leech mainly found in the region of Southeast Asia in the island of the Philippines. I had a few attached to my legs when crossing river on a low laying water where they slashes their sharp teeth into my skin and start sucking my blood. ¹They can inject into the wound a substance that keeps
Ropivacaine is homologous to Bupivacaine . If local anaesthetics are administered into the vein or artery it results to very high systemic levels possibly causing CNS and CV toxicity due to rapid penetration into these regions. Both bupivacaine and ropivacaine are amide linked esters. They are extensively bound in the plasma. Amides extensively bind to the alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AAG) with ~94% ropivacaine bound to it; it has a higher affinity even though albumin binds to greater amount due to
patients were randomly allocated to one of three study groups; 32 patients in each group Patients were randomly allocated to one of three study groups; 32 patients in each group: Group 1 (C group) :(n=32) each patient received the combination of 3.5ml bupivacaine 0.5%, 3.5 ml lidocaine 2%, 0.5ml rocuronium bromide (5mg) plus 0.5ml Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) Group 2 (D group) :(n=32) each
Ropivacaine was developed, to decrease cardiotoxicity, the major side effect associated with bupivacaine, and also improve relative motor and sensory blockage profile. Ropivacaine exhibits its mechanism of action by inhibiting sodium ion influx. Sodium influx is essential for production of signal propagation and also action potential. Hence, Ropivacaine halts impulse conduction in nerve fibers. In compare to bupivacaine, Ropivacaine, is less lipophilic, therefore it cannot penetrate into the large myelinated
Introduction Ankle block is an extremely useful regional technique for providing analgesia and anesthesia for foot surgery.[1] When compared to other regional anesthetic techniques such as sciatic block or a spinal anesthetic, the ankle block offers several advantages including the preservation of motor function, the ability to ambulate and a low risk of serious complications.[2,3] It is of particular use in patients who may be at higher risk of complication from a general anesthetic, and in whom
1. Please explain the five causes of POVL (postoperative vision loss) during prone surgery. POVL is not a common complication of nonopthalmic surgery but it can occur in one or both eyes. Vision loss after nonopthalmic surgery is generally related to five causes: Ischemic optic neuropathy (ION), central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), central retinal vein occlusion, cortical blindness, and glycine toxicity. Nagelhout (2014) further indicates that ION accounts for 89% of POVL after prone spinal procedures
The issue of opioid abuse and dependence is an issue that we must deal with. Too many people are misusing and abusing these serious drugs. Currently, here in the United States 142 people die every day as a result of drug overdose and opioids make up about two-thirds of them ("Opioid Abuse," n.d.). That is an absurd number. The main demographic that is at risk for narcotics addiction and abuse is teenagers in high school, who are have their wisdom teeth removed. These adolescents or teenagers
Patient Four L. H. a 22-year-old female who came into the clinic as a new patient complaining of lower back pain. Vital signs include: height 62 inches, weight 108 lbs., and 16 respirations. The patient stated that her back pain has gone on for quite sometime now (about 2 years total). She works as a nursing assistant in a nursing home in Wahoo. The physician stated that he wanted to taper her off tramadol (she takes 150 mg a day). He also wants to taper her off Effexor as well. The doctor
Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is used extensively for prevention and treatment of eclamptic seizure (1, 2) and is considered as the ideal anti–convulsant drug in preeclampsia and eclampsia (3). The effect of Magnesium sulphate in vitro and in vivo on relaxing human uterine contractility was widely reported. Magnesium has a calcium antagonist effect that decreases calcium intracellular concentration and inhibits contraction process (4-6). Many studies done during normal labor failed to prove the effect
Introduction Erythromelalgia is characterized by the triad of intense burning pain, marked erythema, and increased skin temperature (1,2). Patients describe a severe tingling or neuropathy-like pain (2) that usually affects the extremities: feet more frequently than hands (1,2) but also ears and face (3). Typically it is bilateral but may be unilateral, especially in secondary cases (1). Warming, exercise and dependence on legs are aggravating factors while cooling and feet elevation are relief