Every year, thousands people get heart valve replacements for various health reasons. There are multiple options for replacement valves that can generally be put into two categories, mechanical and biological. One of the mechanical options from the 1970s and 1980s was the Bjork-Shiley valve, which became infamous because of the controversy surrounding its stress fracture failures. These failures resulted the death of about 400 people, causing the value to be taken off the market. Using various ethical