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Difference between the process of induction and deduction
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There are four different research strategies are inductive, deductive and less used reproductive and abductive. ‘The aim of the inductive approach is ‘to establish universal generalizations to be used as pattern explanations’ whereas the deductive would ‘test theories, to eliminate false ones’. The latter would construct and ‘deduce the hypotheses’ rather than ‘produce generalization’ (Blaikie, 2007)- appendix for Table. The argument was that the theory which Atkinson developed as the “core-periphery model”. The model highlighted that firms will likely retain the ‘core’ workers, whilst the periphery encompasses the low skilled, inexperienced employees whose number runs parallel with the business fluctuations and identified that low-skilled workers would fit in the model from further deductive research. (Atkinson & Torrington, 1984; 2004). However I accentuate that this model was not a direct theory to test in a deductive way, there were flaws in the model, as it applied, as the name suggests periphery, which is not specific enough to my answer, therefore the decision on making an inductive reasoning would be better as a justification choice. In addition, the method, also known as the "bottom up" also requires less testing, but more observational methods. (Dunn & Wickham, 2012) All in all, deductive reasoning will create a theory with observations. Grounded theory is applied to the inductive reasoning approach. ‘Grounded theory is a research strategy whose purpose is to generate theory from data’ (Punch, 2014). It relates, on how the data will be analysed to create a theory, through the use of the Grounded Theory. This Grounded theory concerns with more how humans have learnt, and according to Glaser (1967) grounded theory is fai... ... middle of paper ... ...eir contribution to the research. A guiding principle is that participants need to be in control of the disclosure of their identity and their contribution. As the University prevents the research under 18, there are other venerability in groups where one didn’t realise there were a disability, such as Dyspraxia which is not a physical disability. Having looked at the principles of ethics which are considered in social research there are many factors which should be applied to research, if something, this is the most important, as ethics should determine the research. The biggest flaw of this is youth – making sure they are above 18, even though youth can be the age of 16. The employers expressing their thoughts about their reasons and making sure that they are not breaking the law, and converting it to a generalisation idea which could be illegal thus unethical.
Glaser, Barney G & Strauss, Anselm L. (1967), The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company
Induction is an important cognitive ability in which inferences extend knowledge beyond the available information (Farrar, Raney, & Boyer, 1992). For instance, knowing an object belongs to a specific category can lead to beliefs that it shares additional properties with other category members. This can be crucial to learning and interacting with the world around us and can be considered one of the most basic functions of living creatures. Induction appears early in development (Sloutsky, Kloos, & Fisher, 2007). Preschool children have been shown to expect categories to promote induction and they use category membership to predict underlying similarities among objects – even when perceptual similarity would lead to a different prediction (Gelman, 1988). For example, a study conducted by Gelman and Markman with 3- and 4-year-olds, children were shown two objects, a tropical fish and a dolphin, and were taught a new fact about each that one breathes under water and the other pops up to breathe (Gelman, 1988). They were then shown a third object, a shark, and had to infer which of the facts about the first two objects would be applied to the new third object. However, the third object looked like the dolphin, but given the same category as the tropical fish.
Systematic discrimination against women and girls with disabilities continues to result in the denial of the rights to experience their sexuality, to have sexual relationships and to found and maintain families. While the right to integrity and the right of a woman to make her own reproductive choices are contained in a number of international human rights treaties, women with disabilities continue to be denied these rights through practices such as forced sterilization, sexual violence and the removal of their legal capacity in many parts of the world. I have always been interested in those with disabilities. My parents used to run a home dedicated to taking proper care of those with intellectual and physical disabilities and I grew up being surrounded them. Many of them I am still friends with to this day and I find it interesting to see the stigma that surrounds those who are disabled, those who I call my friends.
The disabilities that were introduced above are somewhat similar but yet very different inabilities that are definitely worth defining. The various studies focused on individuals with both learning and mental disabilities. A learning disability is typically a condition giv...
Some characteristics of DS are: deep folds at the corners of the eyes, hypotonia, short stature, flexible joints, small oral cavity and heart defects (Taylor, Richards, & Brady, 2005). Most individuals with DS have a moderate intellectual disability, although there is a range of disability, from severe to high functioning (IQ above 70). Since DS is a birth defect and not a disease, there are no treatment options. Improvement can be made through physicians, special education, physical therapy, speech therapy, occupational therapy, and psychol...
Firstly, let’s look at the history of the disability .We live in a world of norms .Everyone tries to be normal. The focus on construction of disability as on the construction of normalcy .The problem is the way that normalcy is constructed to create the problem of the disabled person .There is an inherent desire to compare to others .Norm is less a condition of human nature than it is feature of a certain kind of society .The social problem of disabling arrived with industrialisation in 19th century .Disabling was related to nationality, race, gender, criminality, sexual orientation and colour. The co...
The one thing that surprised me the most is the different categories of disabilities. I was under the assumption that all disabilities blend under one classification. However, I was wrong. There is a broad term which is disability, it is then is broken down into four classifications. Within the four classifications, is where you will the different type of diseases or impairments that are categorized as a disability. When we discussed psychiatric disability, I was shocked to see that anxiety was considered a disability. I know I have mentioned this multiple times in previous papers, but I still find it surprising. I think that the reason I find it surprising is that I was recently diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. I am sure that there are
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 states that a person with a disability (1) has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities, (2) has a record of such an impairment, or (3) is regarded as having such an impairment (42 USC 12101 [2]). Students with disabilities experience specific struggles that negatively impact their academic and social engagement. However, their needs are often not met by higher education institutions in comparison to other student identities. This comes from the stigma in our society surrounding disabilities. Children are taught from a young age that it is inappropriate ask an individual with a disability about their experience. These children grow up to be adults who feel uncomfortable being around those who may have a disability.
The first thing I researched was different learning disabilities. I was shocked at how many there were, the broad spectrum some are categorized under and the severity of others. Some common diagnosed disabilities today are Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADD/ADHD), autism, emotional or behavioral disorders and developmental disorders, just to name a f...
The Deductive-Nomological (D-N) Model gives an account of explanation through its basic form, the Covering Law Model. The D-N Model asks the basic question “What is a scientific explanation?” The aim of this paper is to answer that question and further develop the definition of an explanation by problematizing the D-N Model’s account of explanation, providing a solution to one of those problems, and then further problematizing that solution. By examining the details of an example that the D-N Model explains well, we can see why this model was popular in the first place before describing two of its major problems. Then, by looking at Wesley Salmon’s account of scientific explanation, we can see just how problematic the flaws in the D-N Model
More methods have been developed to assist in the identification and diagnosis of disabilities. Professionals are beginning to understand what might have caused a child to develop their disability. The more that is learned, the better I can help m y students with these disabilities. Knowledge helps create strategies individualized to the student. Even in the past ten years, there has been much advancement in the assessment and monitoring of these students. They are being seen as people and not their diagnosis. Many are held at the same stan...
The deductive approach can be explained using the assumption driven from theory. In other words, the deductive approach includes deducing the results from the premises. When a deductive method is applied for a research project, the author formulates a set of assumptions that need to be tested and then, using relevant methodology, tests the assumptions. Deductive reasoning has specific characteristics that must be understood. If the premises of deductive reasoning are accepted, then, the result must necessarily be accepted. In a deductive reasoning, the contents of the result are implicitly stated in the premises, making such argument a non-ampliative one. If new premises are added to the argument, then the result must still follow them. A deductive argument is either valid or invalid and there is no degree of validity. There is no choice or decision in applying such argument and no judgment is necessary for getting the result and
In society today, there are many children and parents who face the diagnosis of having a developmental disability that would qualify them for special education and needs. This time can come with many questions for the parents when they realize the specialized care and education their child will need. Most often, questions arise about their schooling and how they will be included with other children, as well as what services are available to their child. How their disability impacts their life is a very valid concern because their education will be impacted. When a disability is discovered, it effects trickle down from the child to the parents, to the teachers and finally the medical and educational specialists.
French, S. & Swain, J. 2008. Understanding Disability: A Guide for Health Professionals. Philadelphia: Churchilll Livingstone Elsevier: 4
Whether born from ignorance, fear, misunderstanding, or hate, society’s attitudes limit people from experiencing and appreciating the full potential a person with a disability can achieve. This treatment is unfair, unnecessary, and against the law (Purdie). Discrimination against people with disabilities is one of the greatest social injustices in the country today. Essential changes are needed in society’s basic outlook in order for people with disabilities to have an equal opportunity to succeed in life. To begin with, full inclusion in the education system for people with disabilities should be the first of many steps that are needed to correct the social injustices that people with disabilities currently face.