Jackson is a 15-year-old boy who has developed phobias over the last few years, specifically to spiders, heights and germs. He and his parents are uncertain as to when they began and how. However, the fear is debilitating and prevents him from being able to function in his life.
Jackson is now in middle adolescence where he is in the process of achieving his adult appearance and developing his sense of identity. He is soon transitioning into late adolescence where he will be transitioning into work, college and possibly independent living. He will also be accepting his physical appearances, as well as his physical sexual changes. Adolescence is a time where biological, psychological and social forces influence development
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In social domains, individuals with internalizing problems frequently have problems forming or maintaining friendships, and may feel isolated or bullied (Heyne, King & Ollendick, 2005). These problems could result in Jackson avoiding school or certain classes where he feels most threatened by other students. According to (Heyne, et al, 2005), anxiety and phobic disorders have a very complex etiology. It stems from many genetic factors including temperament characteristics, parent child interactions, and parental psychopathology (Heyne et al, 2005). Some common strategies according to (Heyne et al, 2005) are relaxation training that is aimed to lowering physiological arousal and somatic symptoms. Exposing Jackson to anxiety-provoking situations can help us understand where the real phobic issue stems from and how severe it is for him. Social skills training will help Jackson build peer friendships and help to deal with situations that may arise at home or at school (Heyne et al, …show more content…
This type of intervention is used because an individual forms a learned response from their fear or anxiety, and that response can be inhibited by changing an activity against that response (Morris et al, 1991). Desensitizing a person would be exposing them in small steps to their fear while they are participating in an activity that would give them an opposite feeling. Systematic desensitization has three major components, relaxation training, development of an anxiety hierarchy, and the actual systematic treatment (Morris et al, 1991). Using this type of intervention treatment with Jackson I would first have him identify the anxiety stimuli. Then I would teach Jackson coping and relaxation techniques. Once Jackson feels comfortable, I would then expose him to certain levels of stimuli in steps to see how far we could go before his anxiety to the certain phobia is too much for him to continue the treatment. Self-control method also mentioned by (Morris et al, 1991) explains how the individual needs to be assisting in determining alternative ways of coping with the feared stimulus instead of
Growing up in a southern mill town; Jackson, like many of this era, forgone education to work in the mills. At the age of six years old he was working twelve hour shifts in the mills to help his family out. Life in the mills were tough; many of the other employees would end up losing limbs, or even their lives to the heavy unguarded machinery. Jackson brother Davey was maimed for life from and accident in the mill. During a measles outbreak at age ten, Jackson became very ill and nearly lost his life.
He has an internal conflict because he wants to save money to buy back his grandmother’s regalia from the pawnbroker, but he also wants to share his money and he receives money throughout the story. “‘I’m hoping, and I don’t know why I’m hoping it, but I hope you can turn thirty bucks into a thousand somehow.’ ‘I believe in magic.’ ‘I believe you’ll take my money and get drunk on it’” (Alexie para 230). When he receives money, he always ends up spending it on alcohol and sometimes spends it on food. He never spends all his money on himself. Jackson has a man versus nature conflict and a man versus man made environment conflict. His man vs. man made environment conflict occurs when he is too drunk to find a good place to sleep. He ends up falling asleep on train tracks. An example of Jackson’s man vs. mother-nature, “’I was cold and sleepy,’ I said. ‘So I lay down.’ ‘You dumb-ass, you passed out on the railroad tracks.’ I sat up and looked around. I was lying on the railroad tracks’” (Alexie para 195). Jackson also has a conflict with white society. “‘One day you have a home and the next you don’t, but I’m not going to tell you my particular reasons for being homeless, because it’s my secret story, and Indians have to work hard to keep secrets from hungry white folks’” (Alexie para 1). Jackson also has a man versus man conflict with Honey Boy, who tries to get Jackson to hook up with him but Jackson says he’s not a homosexual. “‘I’m flattered, Honey Boy, but I don’t play on your team.’” (Alexie para 165). Jackson does not show any signs of complexity. He is also a stereotypical homeless man. He does spend the majority of the money he gets on alcohol. Jackson also is dynamic since he clearly changes because in the beginning he was just a homeless man with his friends with nobody really paying attention to him, then at the end he felt that everybody stopped to watch him
middle of paper ... ... If Jackson did not change his view of life, work hard at everything he did, and excel at sports, who knows where he would be today? He could be sitting in a jail cell because he never changed his ways and lost his temper, or he could still be living in a small house in a small town.
The procedures leading to the acquisition and elimination of agoraphobia are based on a number of behavioural principles. The underlying principle is that of classical conditioning. Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus (Weiten, 1998). Eliminating agoraphobia is basically achieving self-control through behaviour modification. Behaviour modification is systematically changing behaviour through the application of the principles of conditioning (Weiten, 1998). The specific principle used here is systematic desensitisation. The two basic responses displayed are anxiety and relaxation, which are incompatible responses. Systematic desensitisation works by reconditioning people so that the conditioned stimulus elicits relaxation instead of anxiety. This is called counterconditioning. Counterconditioning is an attempt to reverse the process of classical conditioning by associating the crucial stimulus with a new conditioned response (Weiten, 1998). This technique's effectiveness in eliminating agoraphobia is well documented.
He explains that he has not lived in his ancestors’ homeland for twenty-three years, which can definitely cause one to move away from their upbringings. Jackson feels empty—even mentally deprived—from When she declines his offer, he states that “It’s tribal. It is an Indian thing. When you win, you’re supposed to share with your family” (Alexie 1440). Another example that proves Jackson’s quest for his identity and his solid bond with his own culture is that he is constantly “lonesome for Indians” (Alexie 1441).
McCullough, L. Treating Affect Phobia: A Manual for Short-term Dynamic Psychotherapy. New York: Guilford, 2003. Print.
Wilde, J. (2008). Rational-emotive behavioral interventions for children with anxiety problems. Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapies, 8(1), 133–141.
Andrew Jackson had many ups and downs of his early life. He is born on March 15, 1767 in Waxhaw, which is on the border between North Carolina and South Carolina. His father died in a lumber accident 3 weeks before his birth. This left his mother and extended family devastated along with Andrew Jackson and his brother, fatherless. There is little education offered in the area he is born and there is even less after the British invasion of the Carolinas in 1780-1781. Andrew Jackson and his brother both join the army and in the closing year of the war he is captured by the British and taken into prison along with his brother. When he is imprisoned he refuses to shine a British guard’s shoe and is slapped across the face with a sabre leaving permanent scars. His brother and himself were stricken with small pox and grew extremely ill while they were captured. His mother arranged a prisoner exchange for Jackson and his brother and they were soon released. Jackson’s brother died and his mother left him to help others aid the wounded soldiers in Charleston. She soon developed cholera and died quickly. This left Jackson as a 5 year old orphan and he is soon taken in by his mother’s family. In Jackson’s late teens he started studying law with a local tutor...
For example, the fear of dentists can leave people suffering from it willing to risk the health of their teeth in order to avoid having to go through an exam or procedure (MacKay 2). There are a variety of treatments ranging from psychotherapy to even medication. Phobias are treatable conditions that can be reduced and even terminated. Symptoms of phobias vary from mild feelings of anxiety to full panic attacks. The closer the person with the phobia gets to their feared object, the greater the fear will be (Cause of phobias 2). This puts in perspective the mindset of someone who struggles with a phobia goes
Social anxiety goes from not being able to socialize with people in a class to never leaving home due to the anxiety that is causes. Markway’s article states that there are three categories involved with social anxiety; mental distress, physical distress, and how avoidance affects someone socially. Mentally, it is exhausting to talk to people for to people and have that constant anxiety about the way they talk and act. People with social anxiety often think about how they can humiliate and embarrass themselves in front of others. This drives someone to fear that they may do something wrong at any given moments and may be rejected altogether (“Markway”, 2013).
During the entire story, the readers are sympathetic towards Jackson. Alexie’s familiar syntax and direct approach makes to readers feel some connected and understanding towards Jackson and his circumstance. Jackson redeems his grandmother’s regalia. He was the “hero.” The story does not state if this adventure cause Jackson to find himself but it did provide the readers with a sense of hope through kind gestures and perseverance.
At a young age, a boy by the name of Michael Joseph Jackson becomes a mega pop star. With his afro, short stature, and big brown eyes, Michael's talent at singing makes crouds scream his name and the people of the world cannot get enough of him. Although he loves his talent, his career as an artist deters him from finishing grade school. Being away from his childhood friends, and on tour all the time, Michel is left without a childhood until he feels the need to regain it later on his life. After years of being on tour with the Jackson Five and now almost twenty, Michael is compelled to redeam his childhood. He becomes increacingly more interested in children, and belives he is a life like Peter Pan. Although his compassion for children is on the rise, so is his career as a solo artist. Michel releases more albums until Micheal Jackson becomes a house hold name. By the Early 90's he is at the peak of his career, but things have changed physically and emotionally. Now, he is much more pale and not the small black child with an afro anymore. People have become increacingly more aware of his obsession of children and suspitious of this behavior. Although Michael looks past these things, people still reconize the pop star they have always seen in him. It wasn't until an incident in the early 90's that his secret broke. Micheal Jackson, the beloved pop star of the 80's is caught for child melestation and is labeled a petifile. Although many people boo the star, Micheal still manages to contain his integraty as a pop legend in the end and he still loves children just as he did before. On his "Neverland Ranch" Michel still envites thousands of children to play and have fun.
Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT) is also often paired with systematic desensitization. CBT is focused on regaining control of reactions to stress and stimuli, ultimately reducing the feeling of helplessness (Palazzolo, 2014). One specific case of Psychotherapeutic Treatment for Aquaphobia takes a closer look at the break down of how systematic desensitization would be applied. Initially, the patient would be given information on their phobia, making it seem as unthreatening as possible and by showing them that they are not alone, as this disorder is common and that there is a cognitive approach to treat their condition. You first explain to the patient step by step the therapy that is going to take place. You ask them to carefully watch themselves throughout each situation and take notice at what parts they find challenging or lead them to avoidance. It is also suggested that the patients rates her anxiety during those situations on a scale from 1-10. The duration of this therapy would be approximately 13 sessions, meeting once a week for 30-45 minutes. The first three sessions are centered around their life and story of their disability, the diagnosis and the analysis of the disorder while working out a review of each sessions and what their ultimate goal
...selective serotonin (inhibitor of anxiety), antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications, or beta blockers (anti-stimulant for adrenaline)( Kearney, 2005). However, psychotherapy is the most common for people with anxiety disorders which help to finish the negative perception of themselves along to control their behavior during social interaction. Also, the cognitive model in social phobia is used during therapy to reduce anxiety situations by having a metal strategy in order to know how to develop several skills to manage stress with relaxation techniques. It is important to mentioned that in order to achieve a successful treatment psychotherapist's expose different situations in which the patience experience the most fear in order to train the patience to develop confidence by overcoming their fears and gaining comfort while relating with others(Davey, 1997).
This essay will assess the different categories of phobias and briefly summarize talk therapy and cognitive behavioral theories regarding attaining and maintenance of phobic disorders. A phobia is an irrational fear that creates internal feeling and apprehension, perceived as real with physiological responses such as heart palpitations, trembling and sweating. Depending upon the severity, phobias may interfere with the level of functioning in various settings: academic, occupational, or at home. It is classified under anxiety disorders with three major categories: agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder and specific phobias. Agoraphobia (AG) consists of fears of being in public places and the individuals’ ability to escape or receive help during a panic episode is limited. Individuals may initially experience one or more panic attacks that typically progress to AG. Clients become reclusive and may avoid situations that create distress and refuse to leave their home. People with AG do enter impending phobic conditions, but only with medication or when escorted by a trusted companion or therapist. They may also have also co-occurring disorders such as obsessions, substance abuse, and depression. Social anxiety disorder (also called social phobia), the most prevalent anxiety disorder, characterized by extreme self-consciousness and excessive fear of being humiliated during social situations with other people or when asked to perform. Symptoms include fear of being judged, blushing, profuse sweating, nausea and other signs of anxiety. Individuals who suffer from social anxiety have an early onset usually during childhood or adolescence. Children may exhibit clingy behaviors or become mute in certain situations. SP pertains to onl...