Introduction and Background
The drug Premarin, a drug used to relieve symptoms of menopause in women, is made by harvesting the urine of pregnant horses. Premarin Farms, which are called PMU farms for short, are the site where this takes place. The mares are hooked up to rig that collects their urine throughout most of their pregnancy, which leaves them practically immobile. PMU farmers collect several different equine conjugated hormones found in the pregnant mares’ urine to make Premarin, which includes drugs such as Prempro, Premphase, Premelle, and Prempac. Some farms treat their horses with the upmost respect, and give them the proper vet care and food that they need, while on other farms, the horses are not quite that lucky. There have been allegations of the abuse of horses on these PMU farms for years, yet most farms haven’t been forced to change their horrible ways.
Premarin farms have been around for a long time, and started off with a booming industry. According to premarin.org, Premarin was first introduced for women in 1942 for hormone therapy in menopause and was one of the first on the market (Premarin, 1996). The living conditions at some farms are horrible. According to the website, Last Chance for Animals, at some farms, when the mares are three to four months pregnant are placed into tiny stalls and rigged with a harness and urine collecting bag (Horses, n.d.). These pregnant horses are not allowed to more around, let alone lay down and rest their tired legs for the last 7 and 8 months of their pregnancy until they are ready to deliver. The horses do not get shoes on their feet, and there is no bedding put down to protect the horses from the concrete (Horses, n.d.). They also do not receive adequate water be...
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...chance for animals. Retrieved February 6, 2014, from http://www.lcanimal.org/index.php/campaigns/other-issues/horses
Luba, N. (2007, September 10). PRO: Strict codes followed by equine ranchers in U.S., Canada. Tuscon Citizen. Retrieved February 9, 2014, from http://tucsoncitizen.com/morgue/2007/09/10/62383-pro-strict-codes-followed-by-equine-ranchers-in-u-s-canada/
Nelson, H., Walker, M., Zackher, B., & Mitchell, J. (n.d.). Result Filters. National center for biotechnology information. Retrieved February 9, 2014, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?LinkName=pubmed_pubmed_pmh_cited&from_uid=15233153
Paulhus, M. (n.d.). Premarin-fear in eyes of foals. Citizens for Justice. Retrieved February 9, 2014, from http://citizensforjustice.org/component/content/article/118
Premarin. (1996, January 1). Premarin. Retrieved February 9, 2014, from http://www.premarin.org/
Also at “…mare in foal, their cows in calf, their sows when they are ready to farrow; nor offer to beat or kick them (as is too frequent a practice) for fear of a miscarriage.” (Swift 6)
More than 100,000 U.S horses are sent to slaughter each year for their meat. The meat is then shipped overseas to Europe for human consumption. Horse slaughter is a big issue in the equine community. Many people in the equine community say it’s inhuman by the way the horses are killed, but many equestrians also say its moral due to population control. so which is it, is horse slaughter bad or good? This report will look at what horses usually go to slaughter, how the U.S and other countries view horses, how different people view horses and what would happen if slaughter ended.
Schulman, Joshua M., and David E. Fisher. "Abstract." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 28 Aug. 0005. Web. 24 Apr. 2014.
Several barriers are present that dissuade many Amish women from receiving modern prenatal care due to their cultural and spiritual beliefs. Cost can be a major factor when it comes to modern prenatal treatment, as many Amish families could not afford it. Transportation is also a factor when it comes to prenatal treatment. The overwhelming majority of Amish transport is the horse-drawn carriage. Perhaps the largest barrier present is the cultural system of the Amish itself. The Amish are humble and modest, and as such, are loathe revealing their nudity, so much so that many women would not permit physical asse...
This destroyed the image set by Americans, a great strong champion reduced to a pile of steaks, or put into dog food. Where is freedom and liberty in that? But, though they excel at it, horses are not just made to run, some horses are used as guides for the blind. Horses contribute so much to society and all that potential is wasted in each horse sent to slaughter. Another cultural reference is the mustang, a strong free animal that roams the range. Mustangs were formerly protected from slaughter until recently in 2005 when a bill killed a 1971 law that prevented feral horses from being sold to slaughterhouses. Now any horse older than ten years old, or any young horse that has not been to three auctions and been sold is to be sent to slaughter. These horses have bloodlines of nearly pure Spanish stock and are an essential part of America’s living history. Congress needs to understand that the American’s perspective of a horse has shifted from being livestock to being a companion animal. For example, in a US survey by the Huffington Post, only thirteen percent of Americans sa...
Ascione’s (1993) definition of animal cruelty is defined as “socially unacceptable behavior that intentionally causes unnecessary pain, suffering, or distress to and/or death of an animal” exclusive of socially condoned behavior, such as legal hunting and certain agricultural and veterinary practices. Not all violent individuals have been previously cruel to animals but studies have shown that a great number of them have exhibited this behavior. A great majority of the literature calls for a better understandin...
For activists concerned about the safety of PZP, in the studies done by Fitzpatrick, it was found that PZP in wild horses had no permanent or negative effects on wild horses- the same studies were done on pregnant mares. PZP had proven more positive effects on the condition of the horses, for example, there was increased body condition in the horses, as well as increased longevity. Compared between foals from treated and untreated horses, the foals of treated horses were found to develop better body conditions than their untreated counterparts.
At the turn of the century America entered a new age that many historians call the Progressive Era. During this time period, the American Political system changed its view on how America should be brought about. It provided a purification of the American government through direct democracy. This era included many social and political reforms, which were brought about due to monopolies, and trust corporations.
She decided to tackle the health problems of a small area of few roads and no physicians, called Leslie County in Eastern Kentucky. Here she tested to her health care plans, thinking that if she succeed here, she could succeed anywhere. Horse backing around Leslie County, she asked residents about health care needs and local lay-midwives about birth practices. The results from her surveys revealed that these nursing mothers were lacking prenatal care and that they were giving birth to large quantities of children often by invasive practice.
Larson, Peggy W. Animal Abuse Inherent In Rodeos 2008 PO Box 28 Geneva, IL 60134
"Result Filters." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 25 Apr. 2014.
For as long as there have been horse slaughterhouses in the United States, they have been an issue of controversy (Associated Press State and Local Wire, 8/7/01). Currently, only two slaughterhouses that produce horse meat intended...
The methods used for this lab came from Leady, B. (2014) Fundamentals of Life Science Lab Manual. Toledo, Ohio: University of Toledo. No changes were made.
Horsemeat has been discovered in the U.S food supply. Every day it is dumped on the dinner plates of unsuspecting consumers. Not only do Americans oppose the slaughtering of horses, but the equine are not raised for food. Over the course of their lives they receive a wide variety of drugs and other substances that cause their meat to be contaminated. Being sold for slaughter is one of the many challenges horse’s face to solely live their lives free of abuse and suffering.
Separated from your family, friends, life as you know it. You will spend your life as a test subject being abused in a cold lab. Doesn’t sound fun does it? Animals are living and breathing creatures; they feel pain and suffering just like any human would. Animals cannot communicate, but does that give us the right to steal them from their natural habitats for our own personal gain? Animals never get to roam free. A lot of these animals are animals that survive on freedom and need to be out in the jungle. It is not our right to take these things from them. The benefits from animal testing are still unproven and no good has yet to come from this research method. Often, a drug will work on a mouse or hamster but then when used on humans causes harm. The invention of the pacemaker was delayed because of the mental differences between humans and animals. When testing on animals the experiments didn’t show that the general anesthetic methoxyflurane created kidney toxicity and several patients lost all kidney functions. The public should stop buying products that are tested on animals so they will not run the risk of the product causing harm to them or possibly killing them. Doctors should also stop funding animal testing by buying these products and risking the lives of their