Policies and Procedures for Science and Technology Policies and procedures can quickly become out-of-date if an effective policy coordination function is not coupled. The creation of science and technology policy and procedure is to response for the documentation, maintenance, distribution of policy records, and up-to-date procedures along with providing guidance in collecting and preparing documents, even on criminal investigation and prosecutions. Documenting, policies, procedures, and delegations should enable efforts in criminal investigation and prosecution by addressing a number of key points: ease of access, cost effectiveness, responsiveness, and accountability (University of California Santa Cruz, 1994). Ease of access. Policy and procedure manuals always do not exist as up-to-date. Investigators or prosecutors cannot always find the documents needed to make informed decisions. Therefore, an up-to-date, online system will permit those who use or are directly affected by policies and procedures to have the access confidentially, when needed. Cost effectiveness. A designated office or a facility should be dedicated to maintaining files, resources, or other relevant documents. The facility should be responsible to respond to requests for documents as needed. However, using human resources within the facilities may be better assigned to investigative activities. Therefore, a comprehensive, directive policy and procedure should result in the following benefits: less time spent on the telephone, or e-mail; locate a person, either a detective or a forensic technician, to whom a question can be addressed; fewer errors; and provide consistent answers (University of California Santa Cruz, 1994, p. 2). Responsiveness. P... ... middle of paper ... .../forensics/toxicology/2.html Society of Toxicology. (2005). Society of Toxicology. Retrieved June 30, 2010, from Society of Toxicology: http://www.toxicology.org/AI/PUB/si05/Si05_Define.asp Stanford University. (1999, December 21). Cost Sharing: Stanford University Policy and Procedure (RPH 3.5). Retrieved June 30, 2010, from Research Policy Handbook: http://rph.stanford.edu/3-5.html University of California Santa Cruz. (1994, October 28). Guide to writing policy and procedure documents. Retrieved June 28, 2010 from http://www.ucsc.edu/ppmanual/pdf/guide.pdf U.S. Department of Justice. (2009, December). Solicitation: Research and Development on Forensic Crime Scene and Medicolegal Death Investigations Wecht, C., Rago, J., & Wecht, B. (Eds.). (2006). Forensic Science and Law: Investigative Applications in Criminal, Civil, and Family Justice. Fl, USA: CRC Press.
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The 'Secondary' of the 'Secon Introduction to toxicology (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Taylor & Francis.
Well written procedures, rules, and regulation provide the cornerstone for effectively implementing policies within the criminal justice system. During the investigational process, evidence collected is subjected to policies such as Search and Seizure, yet, scrutinized by the Exclusionary Rule prior to the judicial proceeding. Concurrent with criminal justice theories, evidence collected must be constitutionally protected, obtained in a legal and authorized nature, and without violations of Due Process. Although crime and criminal activities occur, applicability of policies is to ensure accountability for deviant behaviors and to correct potentially escalation within social communities It is essential the government address such deviant behavior, however, equally important is the protection of the accused which also must become a priority when investigating criminal cases.
Reiner, J. S., Reimer, E., & Reiner, T. A. (1963). Client analysis and the planning of public programs. Journal of the American Institute of Planning 29 (4), 270-282.
Crime scenes are known to have many clues left behind. The obvious would be a the body or bodies, clothing, and sometimes even the murder weapon. While these are great way to solve a case there's another kind of evidence; trace evidence. Trace evidence are small pieces of evidence that are laying around a crime scene. There are many types of trace evidence some of them include metal filings, plastic fragments, gunshot residue, glass fragments, feathers, food stains, building materials, lubricants, fingernail scrapings, pollens and spores, cosmetics, chemicals, paper fibers and sawdust, human and animal hairs, plant and vegetable fibers, blood and other body fluids, asphalt or tar, vegetable fats and oils, dusts and other airborne particles, insulation, textile fibers, soot, soils and mineral grains, and explosive residues. Although these are the most common found elements, they are not the only ones. The Trace Evidence Unit is known to examine the largest variety of evidence types and used the biggest range of analytical methods of any unit. materials are compared with standards or knowns samples to determine whether or not they share any common characteristics. In this paper I will discuss the different kinds of trace evidence and how crime scene investigaros use it to solve cases and convict criminal.
Lyman, D. Michael; Criminal Investigation, The Art and Science; 3rd edition, 2002 Prentice Hall. Pgs. 188-200.
2. Kirsch, Laura. “Diagnosis: DEATH.” Forensic Examiner 15.2 (2006): 52-54. Criminal Justice Periodicals. ProQuest. USF Mears Library, Sioux Falls, SD. 24 Apr. 2008 http://www.proquest.com/
At my current organization, Salem Hospital, the nursing policies and procedures are no longer in written form. They are all accessed on the computer via the hospital’s personal intranet. The hospital’s intranet contains a search engine where you type the policy or procedure that is being searched for and the results appear on the screen. This makes it relatively easy to search of policies or procedures such as obtaining blood cultures via ...
Forensic psychology is an area of psychology that has been rapidly gaining popularity in recent years. Entertainment media’s fascination with the intersection of crime and psychology has fueled the growing interest in the field. According to Jane Tyler Ward, PhD, forensic psychology can be defined as psychology that “emphasizes the application of research and experimentation in other areas of psychology to the legal arena.” Although forensic psychology is popular right now, it was not until 1962 that a court case set the precedent that properly trained psychologists could provide expert testimony (Page 20). Additionally, forensic psychology was not APA (American Psychological Association) certified until 2001 (Page 16). The field of forensic
Review, PubMed PMID: 19543886. Saferstein, R. (2011). Criminalistics: An introduction to forensic science (10th Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
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Roesch, R., & Rogers, B. (2011). The cambridge handbook of forensic psychology. Canadian Psychology, 52(3), 242-242-243.
Gaensslen, R. E., Harris, H A., & Lee, H. (2008). Introduction to Forensic Science and Criminalistics. New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. .
Forensic Science, recognized as Forensics, is the solicitation of science to law to understand evidences for crime investigation. Forensic scientists are investigators that collect evidences at the crime scene and analyse it uses technology to reveal scientific evidence in a range of fields. Physical evidence are included things that can be seen, whether with the naked eye or through the use of magnification or other analytical tools. Some of this evidence is categorized as impression evidence2.In this report I’ll determine the areas of forensic science that are relevant to particular investigation and setting out in what method the forensic science procedures I have recognized that would be useful for the particular crime scene.
Forensic science has now been recognized as an important part of the law enforcement team to help solve crimes and cold cases. The advances in technology are being used each day and we must continue to strive to develop better advances in this field. The recent discovery of using DNA in criminal cases has helped not only positively identify the suspect, but it has helped exonerate hundreds of innocent individuals. “With new advances in police technology and computer science, crime scene investigation and forensic science will only become more precise as we head into the future.” (Roufa, 2017) Forensic science and evidence helps law enforcement officials solve crimes through the collection, preservation and analysis of evidence. By having a mobile crime laboratory, the scene gets processed quicker and more efficiently. Forensic science will only grow in the future to be a benefit for the criminal justice