Ethernet
Of all of the current Local Area Network (LAN) technologies available, Ethernet is the most popular industry standard. This networking standard is defined by the Institute for Electrical Engineers (IEEE) in a standard they created entitled IEEE Standard 802.3. The standard defines the rules for configuring Ethernet as well as the protocol that allow computers to communicate. A protocol is a standard that allows computers to communicate with each other by defining the following: how they identify each other, the form that the data should take in transit, how the information should be reconstructed once it reaches its final destination, and how damaged transmissions are handled. TCP/IP, IPX, AppleTalk, and NetBEUI are all examples of protocols that operate on the Ethernet standard.
Ethernet is typically deployed in two basic topologies called "bus" and "star". A bus topology consists of nodes connected together by a single long cable. The bus topology connections are made by using one of two different types of coax cable. The first is called Thickwire, also known as 10BASE5 and the second is called Thin coax, also know as 10BASE2. An advantage of a bus topology is the easy, low cost expandability because you do not need a hub, but a major disadvantage is that any break in the line will disable the entire line. A star topology links two nodes together on the network. It consists of a central point that each of the nodes is connected to. The advantage here is each connection is independent, so that if a line breaks, only that particular node is affected. The disadvantage is the need for central point equipment. This central point is called a hub or switch. The connections from the hub or switch to the nodes are made using a type of wire called unshielded twisted pair (UTP), commonly known as 10BASE-T. An advantage of this kind of cable over 10BASE5 or 10BASE2 is cost. It is much cheaper as well as easier to work with and install. A major disadvantage to UTP is the maximum cable length of 100 meters. This cable is a 4 wire-pair structure that is very similar to telephone cable in appearance and comes in a variety of grades, with level 1 being the lowest quality and level 6 being the highest, and thus the best. The speed at which data is transmitted over these lines is 10Mbps or 10 mega-bits per second.
“The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is an older network protocol that ensures a loop-free topology for any bridged Ethernet local area network. The basic function of STP is to prevent bridge loops and the broadcast radiation that results from them.”
... access to what and in which sequence. The router connects the LAN to other networks, which could be the Internet or another corporate network so that the LAN can exchange information with networks external to it. The most common LAN operating systems are Windows, Linux, and Novell. Each of these network operating systems supports TCP/IP as their default networking protocol. Ethernet is the dominant LAN standard at the physical network level, specifying the physical medium to carry signals between computers, access control rules, and a standardized set of bits used to carry data over the system. Originally, Ethernet supported a data transfer rate of 10 megabits per second (Mbps). Newer versions, such as Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet, support data transfer rates of 100 Mbps and 1 gigabits per second (Gbps), respectively, and are used in network backbones.
That is why the parameters in which cabling is completed is of such importance. If the parameters are not correct for the connect then, it means that data cannot be successfully transferred between networks are they cannot meet the specific performance level that they should be running at. The way to notice if there are cabling and connection issues in the hardware is to monitor the attenuation of the connection which measures the signal power loss between an input and output network channel. If there are losses between the input and output, that means, that a large sum of data transferring between these GEs has to be returned and retransmitted between the fiber and copper cabling just because of hardware
Define Protocol: A Protocol is a set of rules or procedures for transmitting data between electronic devices, such as computers. In order for ocmputers toe xchange information, there must be a preexiting agreement as to how the information will be structered and how each side will send and recieve it.
IP – The Internet Protocol (IP) - is the method or protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another on the Internet. Each computer (known as a host) on the Internet has at least one IP address that uniquely identifies it from all other computers on the Internet.
fiber. Fiber links allow a number of high speed serial links to replace a large number of electrical lines. The use of fiber is thus space saving.
The Jaagz’ local area network will use category 5 cable and run IEEE 802.3 protocol. Using IEEE 802.3, the network speed will average about 10 Mbps. It will utilize a combination of a star and bus topology, which is the most common topology used in networks. The bus topology makes up the backbone of the network while the star topology branches out.
In Local Area Network(LAN), Ethernet is a physical and data link layer technology. used to connect more than one computer systems to form LAN that comes with protocols that can control the passing information and to avoid two or more systems transmit simultaneous. Ethernet cable made up of several coaxial wire. The function of Ethernet is to deliver data between computers on the Internet.
It just doesn't get much simpler than the physical bus topology when it comes to connecting nodes on a Local Area Network (LAN). The most common implementation of a linear bus topology is IEEE 802.3 Ethernet. All devices in a bus topology are connected to a single cable called the bus, backbone, or ether. The transmission medium has a physical beginning and an end. All connections must be terminated with a resistor to keep data transmissions from being mistaken as network traffic. The terminating resistor must match the impedance of the cable.
First, we have to understand how Ethernet works. For a nicely summarized history as well as an explanation of the type of media it can run on, you can click here.
When designing the layout of a LAN, the party can choose from a selection of different technologies on which to base the main part of their LAN. The technology choices that the party adopts will be a critical part in the way their LAN performs. Two important LAN setups are a network based on Ethernet or Token Ring technology. Besides operating in a small space, LANs have some other distinctive features. LANs are typically owned, controlled, and managed by a single person or organization.
LANs systems can be defined and connected in many different ways. This is the reason for the standardization for every one can have a common ground to start from. “The LANs described Herein are distinguished from other types of data networks in that they are optimized for a moderate size geographic area such as a single office building, warehouse, or a campus. The IEEE 802 LAN is a shared medium peer-to-peer communications network that broadcasts information for all stations to receive. As a consequence, it does not inherently provide privacy. The LAN enables stations to communicate directly using a common physical medium on a point-to-point basis without any intermediate switching node being required. There is always need for an access sublayer in order to arbitrate to access to the shared medium. The network is generally owned, used, and operated by a single organization. This is in contrast to Wide Area Networks (WANs) that interconnect communication facilities in different parts of a country or are used as a public utility. These LANs are also different from networks, such as backplane buses, that are optimized for the interconnection of devices on a desk top or components within a single piece of equipment.”(IEEE 802 Standard 1990) That is the standard definition for LANs by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer committee 802. They are the committee used to set the standard in workmanship and operations for technicians that set-up and perform maintenance on LANs systems. And through all the technical words what they are trying to say is a LAN is a small area network that distributes information among computer in a small work environment unlike WANs that distribute information across global areas.
Also known as "Thin Ethernet" or Thinnet, 10BASE-2 is an IEEE standard for baseband Ethernet at 10MBps over thick coaxial cable. 10Base2 has a maximum distance of 185 meters. Thin Ethernet is five millimeters in diameter and used to connect machines up to 1,000 feet apart.
Mesh networks are reliable, stable, and redundant. If a node can no longer operate, all the others are not affected as they can still communicate either directly or through one or more intermediate nodes. Mesh networks can be very expensive due to the large amount of cable and connections required. Bus Topology Bus topology refers to a local area network (LAN) arrangement where each node or device is connected to a main cable or link called a bus. The bus network is simple yet very reliable.
People in the present society have turned from the use of the old means of communication to the more advanced and technological ways of communicating. Technology has made it easier for people to communicate in a faster, efficient, and cost saving means through the introduction of the communication channels. The world has turned out to be the centre for technology with different technologies emerging daily as the people continue to develop from time to time to cope with the growing technology. The benefits of adopting the communication technology are explained in this article which shows why people do not function without technology.