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The Negro speaks of rivers is Langston Hughes first mature poem. He wrote this poem when he was seventeen in 1920. Hughes was inspired to write this poem when his train crossed over the Mississippi River, as he was traveling to Mexico to visit his father. It was published in 1921 in the journal the Crisis, a predominantly African American readership. This poem is free verse but has the rhythm of a gospel preacher. He does uses anaphora, which is the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of each line. It was written in the first person voice, the “I” is a collective voice of black people from ancient times to the present. The narrator links himself to his ancestors by claiming a connection to the ancient rivers. The narrator shares Lyric poetry is based off song and establishes human condition, in this poem the condition of African Americans. Hughes describes himself as a teller and participant in this poem. Through the imagery, the reader is able to feel the emotions of the history of African Americans. Hughes tells us the history of black people beyond that in America; he projects upon his reader a world experience. The primary image in this poem is a river, tracing the heritage of African Americans. The lyrical lies are like water, describing the purpose of the river to black people in America. Hughes used the anaphora line “My souls has grown deep like the rivers” to symbolize the physical history of black people and the spiritual history. The river also symbolizes the strength of African Americans as survivors who persevered through history. Finally, Hughes believed that the river reflects the direct path of blacks in American. The whole poems itself is a metaphor to tie together the heritage of African Americans to the great river of the world. Hughes reveals the relationship between the rivers and the lives of black people. He started with a river know to be important during the earliest civilization and ended with a river on which slaves were
Women are equated with water and the greatness that it possesses. In both poems Hughes displays African-American’s view of women and how they the key to maintaining a family. R. Baxter Miller states “her symbolic yet invisible presence pervades the fertility of the earth, the waters and the rebirth
The two poems are two extreme sides of the Negro mentality. They do not leave opportunity for other Blacks to move. They are both required complete conformity. The short story was about Blacks weighting their options. It shows that Blacks can think logically about their action.
Because of that, his writing seems to manifest a greater meaning. He is part of the African-American race that is expressed in his writing. He writes about how he is currently oppressed, but this does not diminish his hope and will to become the equal man. Because he speaks from the point of view of an oppressed African-American, the poem’s struggles and future changes seem to be of greater importance than they ordinarily would. The point of view of being the oppressed African American is clearly evident in Langston Hughes’s writing.
In the poem, The Negro Speaks of Rivers, written by Langston Hughes, and the poem, For My Children, written by Colleen McElroy both mention the rivers that their people have lived next to in Africa and in America. Langston Hughes mentions the rivers in Africa as a reminder of where his people used to live, and how their past still lives with in the deep waters of the African rivers. Yet, he mentions the rivers he lived by in America, and how those rivers are also where his people’s past lives. His idea in the poem was to address how all of...
The poem ‘The Negro Speaks of Rivers’ by Langston Hughes is about a man with a vast knowledge and understanding of rivers. The first two sentences of the poem are similar, as in both Hughes states, ‘I’ve known rivers’. From this the reader gathers that this man has been around rivers and probably lived around rivers. He talks about different experiences he has had on four different rivers. For example he says, ‘I bathed in the Euphrates when dawns were young’ and this gives the impression that he was around long ago when the river was just starting to form. Another quote, ‘I heard the singing of the Mississippi when Abe Lincoln went down to New Orleans’ shows a passage of time from the first quote as this historically places him in a much more modern time frame. On an unobjective level I think that this is a poem about different rivers that Hughes feels attached to for some unexplained reason. However, based on a close reading I would argue through the explication approach that this poem can be seen in a different light. While some may argue otherwise, I believe that on an explicative level Hughes is creating a comparison between his soul and the rivers. In taking a closer look at many different aspects such as genre, my close reading interpretation, and outside research I have reached a conclusion. I have discovered that Hughes did a wonderful job of describing the slave experience as seen through his soul and the souls of all others who have experienced slavery.
Hughes, a.k.a. Langston, a.k.a. “The Negro Speaks of Rivers.” The Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed.
...struggle for dignity as a black person in the early/mid twentieth century. “Democracy” is a slightly stern and direct request to take action and fight for civil rights. “Theme for English B” is a compassionate and low-key personal anecdote that reiterates the unpracticed concept that “all men are created equal”. Despite the difference in tone and subject, all four poems relate to the central theme that dignity is something that white men may take for granted, but Langston Hughes, as a black man and a writer, sees and feels dignity as fight and a struggle that he faced and that the black community as whole faces every day.
Lastly, Langston Hughes’s poem, “The Negro Speaks Of Rivers”, ends with “I’ve known rivers: / Ancient, dusky rivers. / My soul has grown deep like the rivers (8-10). The speaker voices out his last breath to which from an analytical standpoint, the theme of death arises. Langston Hughes follows T.S. Eliot’s suggestion as he cries out for the African-American race to alienate themselves by embracing their own artistic form, claiming that black is beautiful.
Whitman’s poem was written in the mid-1800s during the industrial revolution, but Hughes’ poem was written in the 1900s during the Civil Rights Movement. This is important because the Civil Rights Movement established the signing of the Declaration of Independence and the Industrial Revolution moved at a slow place but there were still issues with slavery. Whitman’s poem was free verse while Hughes’ poem was traditional rhyme/rhythm. The tone of Whitman’s poem was patriotic and celebratory (I HEAR America singing, the varied carols I hear); because he was paying tribute to the success of the individuals; however, the tone of Hughes’ poem was sarcastic and frustrated (to build a “homeland of the free,’’ because he didn’t feel like some individuals were allowed to experience the American Dream. Whitman’s theme of his poem was that individuals and liberties make America great. On the other hand, Hughes’ theme of his poem expressed that individuals felt excluded from the “homeland of the free.” The purpose of Whitman’s poem is praise for universal brotherhood. However, Hughes’ poem’s purpose was to inform individuals about inequality, meaning that not everyone has the same liberties in America. Whitman’s poem focused on the jobs of the workers, while Hughes’ poem focused on race, social status, and a list to represent the “I am’’ phrase; (I am the Negro bearing slavery’s scars). He also
Hughes poem is about himself; his likes, his day to day life, and his struggles. I modeled more of the theme than the form because I don’t believe that there is a set form of the poem, as it is written in free verse. The poet is writing in a stream of consciousness,
Through the exemplary use of symbolism, Langston Hughes produced two poems that spoke to a singular idea: Black people have prevailed through trials and tribulations to carry on their legacy as a persevering people. From rivers to stairs, Hughes use of extended metaphor emphasizes the feeling of motion which epitomizes the determination of the people. Overall, the driving feeling of the poems coupled with their strong imagery produce two different works that solidify and validate one main idea.
Hughes, Susan. "The Negro Speaks of Rivers.” American Literature Since the Civil War. Create edition. New York, NY: McGraw - Hill, 2011. 166-175. E-Book.
The poem consists of 5 stanzas that briefly a musician’s life and the things that he has endured. There are variations in rhyme and language in the poem. The speaker uses jazz language as a reflection of the musical theme in the poem. Written in free verse, the first five lines of the eight-line stanzas give a feeling of jazz music. The last three lines of the stanzas have a rhyme with the exception of lines 4 and 8.By using words such as “The Negro, The music and Desire” emphasizes the musician’s image of himself. It is in the second stanza, where the speaker really begins to evaluate himself and see all of the changes he has undergone throughout his
Hughes emphasizes his message consistently throughout this poem, weaving in the most important line in the middle and end of the poem. He is representing his people. African Americans have waited and been abused by society, and this deepened and weathered their souls over time, just as a river would become deepened and weathered. Hughes’ soul, the collective soul of African Americans, has become “deep like the rivers” (5). This simile speaks that the rivers are part of the body, and contribute to this immortality that Hughes is so desperate to achieve for his people. Rivers are the earthly symbols of eternity: deep, constant, mystifying.
In “The Negro Speaks of Rivers”, the river stands as a symbol of endlessness, geographical awareness, and the epitome of the human soul. Hughes uses the literary elements of repetition and simile to paint the river as a symbol of timelessness. This is evident in the first two lines of the poem. Hughes introduces this timeless symbol, stating, “I've known rivers: I've known rivers ancient as the world and older than the flow of human blood in human veins” (Hughes 1-2). These opening lines of the poem identifies that the rivers Hughes is speaking about are older than the existence of human life. This indicates the rivers’ qualities of knowledge, permanence, and the ability to endure all. Humans associate “age” with these traits and the longevity of a river makes it a force to be reckoned with. The use of a simile in the line of the poem is to prompt the audience that this is truly a contrast between that ancient wisdom, strength, and determination of the river and the same qualities that characterize a human being. The imagery portrayed in the poem of blood flowing through human veins like a river flows ...