Multicultural/ Multiethnic Education

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Afghanistan

Afghanistan is sovereign state surrounded completely by land: the south and the east borders Pakistan, Iran in the west, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north, and China in the far northeast. They use this land for agriculture which is the basis of their economy. However, only 12 percent of the land is arable and the country is susceptible to drought (Robson). Just like Somalia, the country has a tradition of nomadism. However, today there remain few true nomads. Only the large cities have an economic sector that has been modernized (Robson).

Afghanistan has been completely inhabited by one ethnic group and “Its citizens naturally identify with those who speak their language and share their culture” (Robson). This means that their loyalty is first to their local leaders of ethnic groups and have a fragile feeling of nationalism. While many languages are spoken (major languages are Pashto and Persian also known as Dari written in the Arabic alphabet). One thing Afghanis have in common is their toughness and resilience (Robson). Afghanistan is a high power distance society which means authority figures are often not disagreed with or challenged (Entezar, 29). In other words, “Force and intimidation is used to establish one’s power and dominance from family to presidency” (Entezar, 30). They do not respect a weak ruler, father, supervisor, commander or any person in charge (Robson). This idea manifests itself in family, schools and other public or private institutions in Afghanistan (Robson). With this goes the “rule of the ruler” or those in positions of power make an manipulate laws to control the citizens and stay in power (Entezar, 60)

At home, the high power distance...

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...1994. Print.

Lewis, I. M. Understanding Somalia and Somaliland: Culture, History, Society. New York: Columbia UP, 2008. Print.

Putman, Diana Briton, Mohamood Cabdi Noor, and Washington, DC. Refugee Service Center. Center for Applied Linguistics. "The Somalis: Their History And Culture. CAL Refugee Fact Sheet Series, No. 9." (1993): ERIC. Web. 11 Feb. 2014.

Redfield, Robert. "Culture And Education In The Midwestern Highlands Of Guatemala."American Journal Of Sociology 48.6 (1943): 640-648. SocINDEX with Full Text. Web. 12 Feb. 2014.

Robson, Barbara, Juliene Lipson, and Washington, DC. Language and Orientation Resource Center. Center for Applied Linguistics. "The Afghans: Their History And Culture. Culture Profile, 2002." (2002): ERIC. Web. 11 Feb. 2014.

Wolterbeek, Ellen. "Guatemala." Our World: Guatemala (2011): 1. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 12 Feb. 2014.

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