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Routine activity theory paper
Limitations of routine activity theory
Piracy the most overlooked crime
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Modern piracy has touched nearly every corner of the globe and has increased with globalization. The tentacles of piracy now extend from South America to the South China Sea. The greatest numbers of piracy incidents occur along maritime commercial trade routes. Since China dominates the world’s container shipping industry, the South China Sea has become a hotspot for piracy (Kraska 2011). The prominence of cargo activity increases opportunity for pirates and indisputably triggered the sixty- nine incidents of piracy that were reported in 2009 in the South China Sea (Kraska 2011).
The Horn of Africa is also a hotspot for piracy, primarily Somali pirates (Kraska 2011). In 2010, Somali pirates successfully attacked 219 ships on the waters around the Horn of Africa (up two from the previous year) and have expanded their operations to roughly 2,500 miles from Somalia’s coast (Kraska 2011). Successful captures of vessels usually include many hostages that can be held for ransom. The number of hostages held by pirates in Somalia increased from 263 in 2009 to 1,181 in 2010 (Kraska 2011).
The intensification of pirate attacks supports the need for crucial investigations of the incident and the participants involved. This paper will attempt to establish the link between piracy and its victims by examining piracy as demonstrated through the lens of routine activity theory. I will utilize piracy as it occurs on the waters off of the coast of Somalia and analyze three components that must be present for piracy to transpire.
It is first beneficial to know the definition of piracy. Piracy has been characterized multiple ways from multiple disciplines. For the purpose of this paper, I will apply the definition of piracy from the 1982 United ...
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...nuclear and chemical waste into the unsupervised waters.
Conclusion
Routine activity theory satisfies the answer to why ransom, resources, and waste piracy occurs. The theory provides insight and an alternative approach to the notion that pirates terrorists, seeking money and power. Piracy will continue until the international community recognizes Somalia’s instability, the illegal dumping of waste and extraction of resources occurring in Somali waters. Resources and waste piracy would cease with the reformation of Somalia’s government. If authority figures were present, the illegal intruders could be held accountable for their actions. An improvement in Somalia’s economy would reduce, if not prevent, ransom piracy from occurring. If Somalis had valuable and paying occupations on land, they would not need to resort to other means of compensation (Bahadur 2011).
Between 2005 and 2012, Somali pirates have hijacked hundreds of ships and collected in total, ransoms between 339 million dollars or 413 million dollars. Each pirate makes between $30,000 and $75,000 per boat, and between all of them a 2.7 million dollar haul, which makes it a profitable and enticing endeavor. Although it may seem like a simple operation, there are quite a few factors that play into their pay. Each pirate receives additions in pay based upon their actions. An example is a crew mate might receive a $10,000 bonus for being the first on the ship to be hijacked. However, they also r...
5. Rediker, Marcus. 2004. Villains of all nations: Atlantic pirates in the golden age. London [u.a.]: Verso.
The pirates are very active in the waters between the Red Sea and Indian Ocean, off the Somali coast, and in the Strait of Malacca. According to some estimates, worldwide losses due to piracy can be as high as 13-16 billion US dollars per year.
Phillips, Richard, and Stephan Talty. A captain's duty: Somali pirates, Navy Seals, and dangerous days at sea. New York: Hyperion, 2010.
There are many truth vs. reality when it comes to piracy and pirates. For instance, a lot of people/authors have other people believing that pirates were only male. To illustrate this, in 10 Myths and Facts about Pirates by The Nassau Pirate Museum it states that “Famous female pirates include Mary Read, Anne Bonny, Grace O’ Malley, and Ching shih” this information shows that most novels do not talk about females they only romanticize men as pirates. Also, in novels and other things about pirates/piracy you would believe they bury their treasure which is highly romanticized but is not necessarily always true. A lot of things put in novels about piracy is not always realistic so it changes how people think of pirates.
In this paper, I will attempt to describe the piracy problem in China, discuss how the Chinese government is dealing with it, present the global effect, and finally arrive at what would be an ethical solution to piracy fitting for China's situation.
"4 Ways In Which Internet Piracy Can Be a Good Thing." MakeUseOf. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Apr. 2014.
Underground crime has been present in this world since the inception. It is a way of life some individuals choose to live, either to make a quick dollar or to defy authority. Pirates of the Caribbean, the popular Disney trilogy about a Pirate named Jack Sparrow and his antics, are not quite as accurate as some may believe about pirates. Pirates aren’t comical, clumsy drunks as depicted in the movie. Pirates are what I like to call terrorists of the sea, “they were used to sell everything from rum to cars, from homes to insurance.”
The Golden Age of Piracy began around 1650, and ended around 1730. Piracy is an act of robbery or criminal violence at sea, but can include acts committed on land, in the air, or in other major bodies of water or on a shore. It does not normally include crimes committed against persons traveling on the same vessel as the criminal. The term has been used throughout history to refer to raids across land borders by non-state agents. A pirate is one who commits robberies at sea, usually without being allotted to do so by any particular nation. The usual crime for piracy can include being hung, or publically executed. Some of the most famous pirates who were killed either because of piracy, or because of natural causes, are Barbarossa, Stede Bonnet, Anne Bonney, Sir Francis Drake, Captain Greaves, William Kidd, Jean Laffite, Sir Henry Morgan, Mary Read, and Giovanni da Verrazano.
Piracy has remained the same for hundreds of years. No matter if it’s a corsair raiding a ship for its booty in the 1550s or a hipster illegally downloading a song nobody has heard. The only thing that has changed is how it is executed: by the swing of a sword, the shot of a gun, or the click of a mouse. To understand the effect piracy had in the past and continues to have on our modern economy, we have to find why new methods of piracy arose.
Tharoor, Ishaan. "How Somalia's Fishermen Became Pirates." Time. Time Inc., 18 Apr. 2009. Web. 08 Feb. 2014.
Piracy is not something, which developed recently. The young Julius Caesar was kidnapped by pirates in 78 BC on a voyage to Rhodes and held for ransom.
“Piracy and Armed Robbery Against Ships,” The International Maritime Organization, Accessed March 26th, 2014. http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Security/PiracyArmedRobbery/Pages/Default.aspx
The report classify the threats into: (1) Piracy and armed robbery, (2) terrorist acts, (3) the illicit trafficking in arms and weapons of mass destruction, (4) the illicit trafficking in narcotics, (5) smuggling and
Music piracy is a developing problem that it affects the music industry in many different ways including being responsible for the unemployment of 750,000 workers, as well as a loss of $2,5 billion; therefore, I want to explore ‘To what extent has music piracy affected the music industry market in the United States over the last 10 years?’