Today’s business world is drastically different from the business world of the 1970s, though there are some ways in which they are similar. During the 1970s the contemporary approaches to management such as quantitative management, organizational behavior, system theory, and contingency perspective were in use. According to Bateman and Snell (2013), “The contemporary approaches have developed at various times since World War II, and they continue to represent the cornerstones of modern management” (p. 41). For example, the contingency perspective approach to management was developed in the 1970s and addressed deficiencies of previous management systems that did not take into account internal and external factors that affected performance. The contingency perspective introduced the idea of identifying situational circumstances to determine what managerial action needs to be taken. The contingency perspective, along with its predecessors are still used today in various ways and combinations.
The 1970s was a period of great innovation for technology. Mary Bellis (n.d) created a timeline documenting personal computer history showing that even though the first commercial computer had been introduced in 1951, the development of the first microprocessor in 1971 was a large step towards making computers smaller and cheaper. This led the way to the personal computer, which made technology and computation power accessible to the general public as well as to small businesses. During this time of technological advances, managers had to adapt to rapid changes in the tools used in the workplace. Some of those changes included the recent development of the floppy disk as well as data and word processors. Productivity was increased by t...
... middle of paper ...
... in a competitive world (10th ed., p. 41). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin.
Bellis, M. (2014, March 05). The History of Computers - Computer History Timeline. Retrieved May 27, 2014, from http://inventors.about.com/library/blcoindex.htm
De George, R. T. (n.d.). A History of Business Ethics. Retrieved May 27, 2014, from http://www.scu.edu/ethics/practicing/focusareas/business/conference/presentations/business-ethics-history.html
Kunde, B. (2008, May 15). A Brief History of Word Processing (Through 1986) / by Brian Kunde. Retrieved May 27, 2014, from http://www.stanford.edu/~bkunde/fb-press/articles/wdprhist.html
Nakate, S. (2012, March 27). Technology in 1970s. Retrieved May 27, 2014, from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/technology-in-1970s.html
Ng, D. (2014, May 23). What is Telecommuting? Retrieved May 28, 2014, from http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-telecommuting.htm
2.Goodpastor, Kenneth. Nash, Laura. de Bettignies, Henri-Claude. Business Ethics: policies and persons 4th edition. Mcgraw Hill Irwin Publishers. Pages 396-405
Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J., & Ferrell, L. (2011). Business ethics: Ethical decision making and cases: 2011 custom edition (8th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.
Ferrell, O., Fraedrich, J. and Ferrell, L. (2011). Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases. 1st ed. Mason, Ohio: Cengage Learning, p.327 -336.
The subject of this term paper will be about computers in the 1950’s. The divisions that will be covered are; the types of computers there were, the memory capacity of computers, the programming languages of that time, and the uses of the computers for that time. Information will be gathered from the Internet, from books, and from magazines, and from the encyclopedia.
interpositions of computers is that their role in directing what we will see or know is so rarely noticed," (247). Throughout this paper, I will examine the advancement of inventions, work ethics, jobs, and how the compu...
Seawell, Buie 2010, ‘The Content and Practice of Business Ethics’, Good Business, pp. 2-18, viewed 22 October 2013, .
Compare and contrast the management theories of Frederick Taylor, Henri Fayol, Elton Mayo, and Douglas McGregor. In what sense(s) are these theories similar and/or compatible? In what sense(s) are these theories dissimilar and/or incompatible? How would a contingency theorist reconcile the points of dissimilarity and/or incompatibility between these approaches? The twentieth century has brought in a number of management theories which have helped shape our view of management in the present business environment.
Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J., & Ferrell, L. (2013). Business ethics: Ethical decision making and cases: 2011 custom edition (9th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.
Jennings, M. (2009). Business ethics: Case studies and selected readings (6th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.
“Contingency theory is a class of behavioral theory claiming that there is no best way to organize a corporation, lead a company, or make decisions” (Pfeffer, 1997). There is no simple or one right way to run things. In the 1950’s and 1960’s, two men named Henri Fayrol and Frederick Taylor continued the study of contingency theory. Research in the 1970’s dealt with the organizational structures and leadership styles for different situations (Thompson, 2005). Contingency theory was started by Joan Woodward, whose company research found that different types of processes were linked to different structures and amounts of control. She said that certain organizational forms are appropriate for certain forms of work. Woodward was a pioneer for the theory. Woodward composed several studies using differential variables such as management levels of a company, industry compressions, and management styles in her measurement (Thompson, 2005).--. From those tests, she has identified that there are three influential aspects to contingency theory: environmental, organizational, and leadership. These factors are the key components that influence the success of a business.
Watson, J. (2008). A history of computer operating systems (pp. 14-17). Ann Arbor, MI: Nimble Books.
Treviño, L. K., & Nelson, K. A. (2007). Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right Fourth ed., Retrieved on July 30, 2010 from www.ecampus.phoenix.edu
The computer evolution has been an amazing one. There have been astonishing achievements in the computer industry, which dates back almost 2000 years. The earliest existence of the computer dates back to the first century, but the electronic computer has only been around for over a half-century. Throughout the last 40 years computers have changed drastically. They have greatly impacted the American lifestyle. A computer can be found in nearly every business and one out of every two households (Hall, 156). Our Society relies critically on computers for almost all of their daily operations and processes. Only once in a lifetime will a new invention like the computer come about.
The history of computers is an amazing story filled with interesting statistics. “The first computer was invented by a man named Konrad Zuse. He was a German construction engineer, and he used the machine mainly for mathematic calculations and repetition” (Bellis, Inventors of Modern Computer). The invention shocked the world; it inspired people to start the development of computers. Soon after,
A new element has been introduced by the contingency approach, which takes into consideration the impact of the organizational or work group on the extent to which given leader traits and behaviors will be effective. The approach was used mainly in the late 1960s and 1970s. Fiedler 's contingency theory, path-goal theory, the Vroom-Yetton-Jago decision-making model of leadership and the situational leadership theory are the most popular contingency