Topology And Network Topologies

Network Topologies:
The connection lines between the devices connected within a network define the topology of a network. The arrangement of the components of network within a network is called network topology. Some topologies are:
 Bus Topology.
 Ring Topology.
 Star Topology.
 Mesh Topology.
 Tree Topology.
 Hybrid Topology.

You should definitely search for the topology diagrams for the above mentioned topologies.

Bus Topology:
In this topology, every device is connected to the same line of a cable. In this topology, data us transmitted only in one direction.

Ring Topology:
Every device is connected with the cable in the form of a ring. In this topology, data is transmitted in a sequential manner.

Star Topology:
In star topology,

Number of channels to link a particular number of channel is decided by the formula n (n-1)/2
Where ‘n’ is the number of devices to be connected.

Tree Topology:
In this topology, there is a device which called root, and all the other devices are connected on different levels to that root device.

Hybrid Topology:
In hybrid topology, above mentioned two or more topologies are used.

Communication Technologies:
There 3 types of communication technology in networking.
 Internet.
 Intranet.
 Extranet.

Internet:
Different devices which are interconnected with each other and communicate with each other, form an internet.

Intranet:
It is a network of limited devices connected with each other. It is a private network, in which computers communicate with each other which are within the same network. No outside device can communicate with devices connected in intranet.

Extranet:
It is also a kind of intranet, but the only difference is some authorized computers from outside of that private network can also communicate with devices within the network.

Note: Wireless devices connect to the internet via Access

It has 7 layers, every layer has its own operational functionality. All the operations which are performed in networking, work on any one of these layers. Before going into further details, consider the diagram below, which represents the 7 layers along with the description of the task they actually do. All the readers are recommended to learn the names of the layers along with their function in detail as it is important from interview perspective. All the operations which are performed by network components or any kind of operation which includes network protocols work on any of these layers. For example, consider a network application based on File Transfer Protocol (FTP), will operate on the first layer of the OSI. It means that this network application will undergo all the operations defined by the layers below application layer. Considering the application, we are talking about, it will hence undergo following procedure when it will be under execution:
I. Connecting to the network (Application Layer).
II. Arranging data to be transmitted in a standard for (Presentation