In the late 1800’s, before World War 1, European countries saw a dramatic change within their societies. New and more liberal ideas began to emerge, and challenged the traditional European beliefs. Ordinary, average people started to ponder on new practices that would forever change society. Ideologies such as Marxism, Freudianism, and women’s movement not only revolutionized the face of Europe, but also shaped the continent’s government and society.
Marxism was a theory from Karl Marx that spread a thought for communist regime. He brought out the idea of a struggle in the working class called “the bourgeoisie-proletariat struggle” that disclosed the working class overthrowing the middle-class (Bourgeoisie) Marx believed that this conflict was not a product of bad intentions but rather this revolution was unavoidable due to the harsh treatment the middle class was giving to the working class. The thought was the working class would takeover the revenues of production, set up a dictatorship and eventually turn this into a classless communist society because Karl blamed this problem on capitalism. This was a criticism and a blow to European economy because it challenged the traditional beliefs and targeted the point that the economy was not benefitting the people. Karl Marx challenged the middle class with its value system also saying that the working class would ultimately be in power. Marxism not only questions traditional social hierarchy by saying that the working class would rule, but he also questions democracy, absolutism and monarchism with the knowledge of Marx saying that those “governments” would be rendered useless, and no longer a need for government in his mind.
Freudianism was an attack on rationalism theorized b...
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...women, caused the diseases. Their anger was so strong that Ladies’ National Association for the Repeal of the Contagious Disease achieved suspension in 1883. Women’s movement also brought about the challenge of traditional marriages. Women now wanted free union of equality with men and women to share the responsibility for the children. This movement demanded to dismiss traditional gender roles and unfair sexual morality therefore directly challenging Europe’s conservative outlook of women.
Ideologies such as Marxism, Freudianism and women’s movement challenged traditional European beliefs previous of the First World War. It revolutionized the face of Europe and shaped the government and society in the late 1800s. Because of ordinary people pondering about new theories, more liberal ideas began to appear to challenge traditionalists and forever transform society.
The Enlightenment is known as the revolution that brought to question the traditional political and social structures. This included the question of the woman’s traditional roles in society. As the public sphere relied more and more ?? and the advances in scientific and educated thinking, women sought to join in with the ranks of their male counterparts. Women held gatherings known as salons where they organized intellectual conversations with their distinguished male guests. Seeking to further their status, enlightened women published pamphlets and other works advocating for educational rights and political recognition. Even with this evolution of woman in society, many still clung to the belief that the role of the woman was solely domestic. The females that spoke up were usually deemed unnatural. However these women used the time period of reason and science that allowed them the opportunity to break away from their domestic roles and alter the view of women in society.
Western Europe was more concerned with their Maker and the redemption of their souls than with their individual lives on earth. This meant that the development of their own philosophies and schools of thought would occur later than many other postclassical civilizations. However, the time period was not without achievement. It laid the ground for discoveries of tremendous importance that would change the known world forever.
Unlike previous centuries, the eighteenth century was the dawn of a new age in Western Europe where intellectuals thrived, science was honored, and curiosity was encouraged; and the framework of how civil society was changed as a whole. From the dawn of the Enlightenment Western European culture was changing due to the revolutionary new ideas that were changing. With the social change going on, political change was as ever evident as time went on. With these changes rooted in social change went out, the effects of the Enlightenment can be seen over 18th century Western Europe and beyond.
Marxism is an economic and social system developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels during the mid-1800s (What is Marxism). A Marxist literary criticism deals with class consciousness and ideology.
The Enlightenment itself ignited the changes in perspective that were needed to provoke improvement in society and set new standards for our future. These standards spread rather rapidly across Europe and eventually to America and challenged the old order. These ideas of rational thinking over religion and authority delivered a vast political change throughout the world which can still be felt today. These revolutionary thoughts of rationalism brought on freedom of speech and the demand for equality in society. This was not only the igniter to the French revolution but was also, how many governments including the United States based their modern
In the 1800’s, the social structure of Europe was changing. The industrial revolution brought new technologies and techniques that lead to more production, and a more prosperous European society. With these great changes to society and the way things were produced, changes in the government and how the society was run was imminent. Both The Law by Frederic Bastiat and Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx present new and fresh ideas on how society should be governed, Bastiat going into the concepts of liberalism and Marx the concepts of communism, both of which are oriented to the individual rights of people in these European societies.
To understand the ideologies of the American Revolution the circumstances that created the dramatic desires for change must be closely examined. The American frame of mind in the years before the revolution was hostile at best. The years of laments falling on deaf English ears had pushed the American Colonists to the edge. The tensions were rising between Britain and the American Colonies. During this time some of the most influential writers in American history emerged. Many of these writers took on different methods of publishing. One of the most important forms was the pamphlet, which could quickly develop an idea.
Since the beginning of the 20th century, there have been a number of great revolutionary movements going on in the United States, contributing to a huge spectrum of changes, ranged from American people’s everyday lives, to a more comprehensive view about the world and themselves, even to the national economic system. Those movements had reached a climax in the 1920’s, known as the “The Roaring Twenties”. Accompanied with the changes were conflicts and tensions rising rapidly between the adaptation to new attitudes and the preservation of traditional values. The emergence of the “New Morality”, the development of Science and Technology, and the changes in economy were the three most significant winds of changes leading to the enormous tension in the 1920’s, manifesting in their own distinct ways.
His strife was between the bourgeoisie and the proletariats. He believed that the proletariats were being exploited by the bourgeoisie through unfair production of good and the pay. In other words, the bourgeoisie owned and controlled the means of production while the proletariats own nothing but their right to sell their labor. In this way the bourgeoisie could pick what they want to pay the worker bee proletariats and could string them along at will. As time passed and technology advanced the proletariats were phased out of their jobs by newly created machines and technology. Therefore, the proletariats could be thrown out like trash depending on what the bourgeoisie wanted, without defense of the proletariats. Marx believed that as technology advanced, the proletariats were able to become educated and form unions against the bourgeoisie. As the proletariats grew they would become more united and be able to overpower their bourgeoisie
Marxism is a method of analysis based around the concepts developed by the two German philosophers Karl Marx and Fredrich Engel, centered around the complexities of social-relations and a class-based society. Together, they collaborated their theories to produce such works as The German Ideology (1846) and The Communist Manifesto (1848), and developed the terms ‘’proletariat’ and ’bourgeois’ to describe the working-class and the wealthy, segmenting the difference between their respective social classes. As a result of the apparent differences, Marxism states that proletariats and bourgeoisie are in constant class struggle, working against each other to amount in a gain for themselves.
Karl Marx, a German philosopher, saw this inequality growing between what he called "the bourgeoisie" and "the proletariat" classes. The bourgeoisie was the middle/upper class which was growing in due to the industrial revolution, and the proletariats were the working class, the poor. These two classes set themselves apart by many different factors. Marx saw five big problems that set the proletariat and the bourgeoisie aside from each other. These five problems were: The dominance of the bourgeoisie over the proletariat, the ownership of private property, the set-up of the family, the level of education, and their influence in government. Marx, in The Communist Manifesto, exposes these five factors which the bourgeoisie had against the communist, and deals with each one fairly. As for the proletariat class, Marx proposes a different economic system where inequality between social classes would not exist.
society. Women’s rights and feminism did not exist. In the 1800s divorces were frowned upon and everything was given to the males.
The political philosopher believed that communism could only thrive in a society distressed by “the political and economic circumstances created by a fully developed capitalism”. With industry and capitalism growing, a working class develops and begins to be exploited. According to Marx, the exploiting class essentially is at fault for their demise, and the exploited class eventually comes to power through the failure of capitalism.... ... middle of paper ...
Throughout the 19th century, feminism played a huge role in society and women’s everyday lifestyle. Women had been living in a very restrictive society, and soon became tired of being told how they could and couldn’t live their lives. Soon, they all realized that they didn’t have to take it anymore, and as a whole, they had enough power to make a change. That is when feminism started to change women’s roles in society. Before, women had little to no rights, while men, on the other hand, had all the rights.
Then there was the woman’s movement and women felt they deserved equal rights and should be considered man’s equal and not inferior. The man going out to work, and the wife staying home to care for the home and the children would soon become less the norm. This movement would go on to shape the changes within the nuclear family. Women deci...