Photosynthesis is a process that consists of two sets of reactions, light reactions and light independent reactions. The light reactions occur in the chloroplasts on the membranes referred to as thylakoids. The thylakoid membranes participate in an electron transport chain to harvest energy from light, in the form of photons, and convert that energy into chemical energy such as adenosine triphosphate or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. (Mykles et al. 2016) The research conducted in the BZ 310-L06 laboratory analyzed the thylakoid membranes ability to perform photosynthesis by having run a series of experimental trials, that were modifications of the Robert Hill reaction, and then measured the absorbance of the trials to determine …show more content…
This process of conversion consists of two main sets of reactions, light reactions and light independent reactions. Light reactions utilize water, and light energy to synthesize chemical energy in the forms of ATP and NADPH. While light independent reactions utilize the chemical energy stored as ATP or NADPH, and carbon dioxide to synthesize complex sugars. (Arnon et. al 2003) Light reactions of photosynthesis use chloroplast subunits, thylakoid membranes, as the primary location of the reactions. However, the conversion process of light energy to chemical energy, the light reactions, requires an electron transport chain. The electron transport chain begins with the initial collection of light energy, photons, in Photosystem II. Photosystem II collects photons from light energy that has wavelengths of 680 nanometers. Then due to photolysis, water donates two electrons into Photosystem II. (Nam et al. 2016) These additional electrons allow for an increase in electron energy and for the photons to be transferred to the next complex, Plastoquinone. Next, there is an electron energy decrease from Plastoquinone to the next complex in the chain, Photosystem I. (Acuna et al. 2016) In Photosystem 1 additional photons have been absorbed from a light source except these photons were absorbed at a longer wavelength of 700 nanometers. The absorption of these …show more content…
This information was determined by having performed three trials of Hill reaction, and taking the absorbance reactions at twenty second increments. The procedure used to run the series of trials was to mix together the Hill reaction’s reagents in three different cuvettes. In each cuvette was 2.4 milliliters of TN buffer, 0.4milliliters of DCIP, 0.8 milliliters of deionized water, and 0.4 milliliters of thylakoid suspension. Before the three trials were run through the spectrophotometer the spectrophotometer was blanked with TN buffer to ensure a reading of zero. Next, the three trials of the Hill reaction reagents were exposed to a light source, at a twelve-inch distance, and the absorbance measured every twenty seconds was recorded. The time elapsed that consistently had the lowest absorbance value across all three trials was the time where photosynthesis was optimal. The optimal time was to be used as the time to record the absorbance value in the reactions of the experiment that followed. The manner in which the absorbance was recorded was to expose one trial to the light source at a time, and measure the absorbance of that trial, while keeping the other trials covered by a box. Due to the thylakoids sensitivity to light, any cuvettes contains the Hill reaction reagents must be kept out of the light until the light exposure was timed and the
The majority of life on Earth depends on photosynthesis for food and oxygen. Photosynthesis is the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and oxygen using the sun’s light energy (Campbell, 1996). This process consists of two parts the light reactions and the Calvin cycle (Campbell, 1996). During the light reactions is when the sun’s energy is converted into ATP and NADPH, which is chemical energy (Campbell, 1996). This process occurs in the chloroplasts of plants cell. Within the chloroplasts are multiple photosynthetic pigments that absorb light from the sun (Campbell, 1996).
DPIP will be used to determine the rate at which the cholorplasts are being reduced. The spectrophotometer will establish the wavelength of light that penitrats the chloroplast solution in turn determining the amount of electrons reduced. In the dark reactions, the spectrophotometer will measure the amount of light passing through a darker solution of DPIP and chloroplasts. In the light reactions, the lighter solution, caused by reduction of the chloroplasts, will allow a larger amount of light to pass through to the photocell of the spectrophotometer. Thus, the spectrophotometer will prove wheter the light or dark reactions affect the rate of photosynthesis in chloroplasts. We will also be using a reference solution made of water, phosphate buffer, and active chloroplasts. The purpose of this solution will be used to set the transmittance level for the experiment. The control solution, which is different than the reference solution, is comprised of water, phosphate buffer, and DPIP. It will be used to prove that the three element of the solution do affect the results- it is strictly the chloroplasts that are subjected to the light/dark conditions.
... in the chloroplasts in some of their cells. Chlorophyll allows the energy in sunlight to drive chemical reactions. Chloroplasts act as energy transducers, converting light energy into chemical energy. So as the plant has more light the chlorophyll inside the chloroplasts can react faster absorbing in more light for food and energy.¡¨ So this shows my prediction was correct for in my experiment and shown in my result table and graph the more light intensity there is on a plant the higher the rate of my photosynthesis will be. My prediction is very close to what I said the results will be so my prediction was correct and has been proven to be correct in my result table, graph and now explained again in my conclusion.
The greater overall rate of absorbance change in all chloroplast samples (Figure 1) confirms role of chloroplasts’ in photosynthesis. However, the use of the supernatant sample as a negative control was expected to yield no activity, which was shown to be untrue (Figure 1) and is contributed to the contamination of the supernatant sample with chloroplast. The fragile envelope of the chloroplasts can be eas...
The Effect of Light Intensity on the Rate of Oxygen Production in a Plant While Photosynthesis is Taking Place
Photosynthesis has very important roles in our lives. Michael Roberts says:”Although it is difficult to arrive at a total world figure for photos...
Photosynthesis is the conversion of carbon dioxide, water, and light into chemical energy through a series of reactions, and can occur in plants both on land, and in the water (Ensminger PA 2004). However, a variety of things can affect photosynthesis; water levels, temperature, and light availability are just some of the many that can cause fluctuation in the photosynthetic reaction of plants (Carr et al. 1997). This lab was a result of this observation. With so many factors affecting photosynthesis, interest was expressed about whether water type could affect it as well. This could be important for several reasons. For example, as more and more carbon dioxide gets absorbed into the water on Earth, figuring out which water source provides a better habitat for aquatic plants such as Elodea could lead to further understanding global
Short version: Photosystem II is one of two light-capturing units in a chloroplast 's thylakoid membrane. Photosystem I absorbs photons of wavelength of 680 nm. Light energy is captured by chlorophyll and transferred into high energy electrons; Water is broken up into Oxygen and Hydrogen Ions and Electrons; Electrons are sent to electron transport chain.
Photosynthesis is a highly important process that takes place in plants primarily because without it life on this planet would not be able to function properly. “It produces the oxygen we breathe and the food we eat” (Harbinson). Without photosynthesis, life would not be able to sustain itself and our planet would be a barren wasteland. The Photosynthetic process converts light energy into chemical energy. The energy that’s created through the process then later is used to help fuel the organism’s activities. This process can be significantly more complicated than it sounds with different stages and many steps.
In photosynthesis, a plant cell(only plants can use photosynthesis) absorbs light from the sun and uses that light energy in the Electron Transport Chain(ETC) to create molecules of ATP and NADPH(and Oxygen which will leave the cell). These molecules will then be used in a process called the Calvin cycle which will then produce organic compounds. Next, is cellular respiration which uses these organic compounds and Oxygen will be used in a process called glycolysis which creates two ATP. Then, a process called the Krebs cycle uses a molecule called acetyl CoA to produce 4 Co2, 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2. These products will then be transported to the ETC which will then produce more ATP which will be used as energy and will produce H2O. Overall, the most important thing to know is that the products of photosynthesis, organic compounds and O2, are reactants in cellular respiration which produces the reactants of photosynthesis, Co2 and H2O. Both processes rely on the other, without one, the other will not work which is why Biosphere 2 failed which I will explain
Introduction: Photosynthesis uses the sun’s energy and uses it to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar. There were two plants that stayed outside in the sunlight and two plants that were inside only receiving sunlight from the window. If the plants stay outside then they will grow at a faster rate and will be the tallest with most leaves because they receive more sunlight from the sun and have a fresher environment. Methods: Both the plants inside and outside were exposed to sunlight and given water every day. Results: The plants inside grew more than the plants inside. The plants outside did not last all of the weeks the experiment was being conducted.
Photosynthesis is a series of light driven reactions that convert energy poor compounds such as carbon dioxide and water to energy rich sugars [1] such as glucose. The process generate an electron gradient across the membrane of a chloroplast, which is used for ATP synthesis, and simultaneously produces electrons used to make NADPH, using NADP+ as an energy carrier[2]. Crudely put, it is the method by which autotrophic plants make their own ‘food.’
“Photosynthesis (literally, “synthesis from light”) is a metabolic process by which the energy of sunlight is captured and used to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into carbohydrates (which is represented as a six-carbon sugar, C6H12O6) and oxygen gas (O2)” (BioPortal, n.d., p. 190).
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration help sustain life on planet earth as both are metabolic processes in their own way. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and other organisms use energy from the sun to form glucose from water and carbon dioxide. From there, glucose is then converted to ATP by way of cellular respiration. To convert nutrients that are biochemical energy into ATP, a process such as cellular respiration that has reactions needs to take shape in the cell of an organism, releasing waste products at the same time. For the continuous energy cycle that tolerates life on Earth as we know it Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration very essential. They have a few stages where energy and various connections occur within the eukaryotic cell. Cellular respiration takes place in the lysosome, an organelle that is found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. It uses enzymes to break down biomolecules including proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. Photosynthesis involves the chloroplasts, which contain pigments that absorb the sunlight and then transfigure them to sugars the plant can use. Those specific processes are crucial in how far and diversified evolution has
Photosynthesis is a process in plants that converts light energy into chemical energy, which is stored in bonds of sugar. The process occurs in the chloroplasts, using chlorophyll. Photosynthesis takes place in green leaves. Glucose is made from the raw materials, carbon dioxide, water, light energy and oxygen is given off as a waste product. In these light-dependent reactions, energy is used to split electrons from suitable substances such as water, producing oxygen. In plants, sugars are produced by a later sequence of light-independent reactions called th...