How do oral hard tissues react to intraosseous implants?
The introduction and growing popularity of intraosseous implants has revolutionised restorative dentistry. Successful implants restore complete function to patients in areas of previously missing teeth. Although they may act like teeth, the histological hard tissue reaction to implants is a wound healing process compared to the developmental process involved in natural dentition. In addition, the healing process may vary from case to case depending on factors such as the implant material, surface texture, clinician handling and placement into the peri-implant tissue; all of which will be discussed in the following paper.
Research has identified two healing processes involved post-implant placement; osseointegration (Branemark et al 1977, 1985) or fibrosteal integration (Weiss, 1986). The later is moderated by a fibrous capsule which only provides a loose union between bone and implant. Osseointegration is triggered by direct and intimate contact between the implant and surrounding living bone. A greater success rate is seen in implant procedures which undergo osseointegration compared to fibrosteal integration.
The most common implant material in modern dentistry is Titanium or an alloy variation of the metal due to their biocompatibility properties. Titanium provides a surface for cells to differentiate and proliferate. Furthermore the material is resistant to corrosion which is key when being placed into the moist intraoral environment. Upon exposure to air, a 3-5nm oxide layer forms on the surface of the implant (TiO2) and it is the oxygen within this layer that allows the implant to be accepted as self within the body (Villar et al, 2012).
Significant bone formation i...
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...eful option to prevent peri-implantitis and bone loss however, I feel these early assumptions are premature as the antibacterial properties of Zr coatings against the other bacteria involved in peri-implantitis are yet to be investigated.
This review paper not only highlights the complex interactions and processes involved in oral hard tissue reactions to intraosseous implants, but also the development and evolution of research and technology in this area of oral surgery. A clear example of this is the increasing popularity of the Zirconia implant which is now competing with titanium as a first choice material. Developers have identified implants as a restorative treatment option which will only increase in demand and, on this basis; aim to optimize the quality, aesthetics and stability of implants, resulting in a higher percentage of long-term clinical success.
Afshar H, Jafari A, Khami M, et al. Evaluation of Microleakage in Composite-Composite and Amalgam-Composite Interfaces in Tooth with Preventive Resin Restoration. Journal of Dentistry 2012; 9(2):128-34.
... The advanced technology of surface modification in the biomedical sector have the ability to offer not an improvement in the tribological properties only but also to improve the clinical requirements prior and post implantation. Such properties includes cell growth and antibacterial effect.
Alumina and zirconia ceramics have been widely used in orthopaedic hip replacements for the past 30 years. The advantage of using these was lower wear rates than those observed using polymers and metals. Because of the ionic bonds and chemical stability of ceramics, they are relatively biocompatible and therefore more preferable to use than metals and polymers. Alumina is most commonly used as a femoral head component instead of a metal in a hip prosthesis because this would reduce the polyethylene wear that is generated. Alumina is a desirable biomaterial to use in hard tissue implants because of characteristics like excellent wear resistance, high hardness, bio inert, low abrasion rate and good frictional behaviour. Furthermore, it has excellent surface finish as well as high fatigue streng...
Implants can have contraindication like if patient have heart disease affecting the valve, active cancer or bone disease. Certain medical conditions may affect the healing phase and ultimately the success of the implant. A person who grinds their teeth may be a pore cadet for implants. Also another bad candidate can be patient with unusual anatomic structures. Also patient who have bad daily home care. The daily care of taking care of implants is the same way you would take care of your daily teeth by brushing tooth flossing, to keep clean 2 times a
These kinds of polymers have both some advantages and disadvantages. Although they are bioactive and biodegradable and provide high comppressive strength, Degradation of such polymers leads to undesired tissue response due to producing acid formation in degradation process. Metallic scaffolds are another method for bone repair and regenaration. They provide high compressive strength and enormous permanent strength. Metallic scaffolds are mainly made of titanium and talium metals. The main disadvantages of metallic scaffolds are not biodegradable and also discharge metal ions. Recent studies in metallic scaffolds mainly focus on biodegradable materials which can be used improve bioactivity of metals such as titanium.
Through histologic examination, there was no evidence of osteogenesis nor cementogenesis after flap debridement procedure, meaning that wound healing from such procedure is tissue repair rather than tissue regeneration. The clinical significance of such repair can be explained through the other study from the same group of researchers, by Froum et al., which also observed the healing response after open flap debridement with re-entries of the surgical sites after 6 to 7 months of healing. Clinical observation revealed a mean of 3.3mm of pocket depth reduction which consisted of an average of 1.4mm of clinical attachment level gain, and a mean 2mm of gingival recession, meaning the gingival margin had an apical shift after surgery. The osseous defect depth possessed a 2mm reduction, which is the combination of 1.2mm bone fill and 0.8mm of crestal bone resorption on average. The authors concluded that favorable healing response is positively correlated with frequent maintenance visits and proper plaque
8. Chapman Kenneth W., Crim Gary A. Reducing microleakage in Class II restorations: An in vitro study. Oper Dent 1994; 25(11): 781-785.
The glass-infiltrated oxide ceramic framework consists of a porous pre-sin¬tered ceramic core that is subsequently infiltrated with a low-viscosity glass. The ceramic core can be fabricated in the dental lab either by slip casting ceramic powder slurry on a porous refractory die, or by milling out from a pre-fabricated CAD/ CAM ceramic block made by powder dry pressing9, 19, 21, 25. The oxide ceramic framework can be fabricated from different oxide materials and infiltrated by different glass materials. The available used oxide ceramics are aluminum oxide (Al2O3), magnesium aluminum oxide (MgAl2O4), and zirconium oxide (ZrO2). Glass-infiltrated Oxide Ceramics were first introduced in dentistry as In Ceram ® Alumina in 1989. It consists of 75
Dental implants are a great choice for individuals who have had a tooth/teeth removed due to decay, infection or injury, as well as for those born missing a permanent tooth/teeth. While there are removable prostheses available to address these issues, some people have difficulty wearing acrylic appliances. Reasons people have problems wearing these appliances include: a sensitive gag reflex; sore spots and/or jawbone deterioration. Unfortunately, jawbone deterioration is commonly seen following tooth loss. This jawbone deterioration (I.e., bone resorption) occurs even if an individual wears dentures, a partial, a flipper or a bridge. The
The tiny implant is made of titanium. It provides power to the new artificial teeth also called crown. The titanium is powerful and has good biochemistry and fits effectively with one other ligaments. The mouth must be strong since it requires lot of force while chewing and using bites. The breaks in the tiny implant are possible however not common at all.
It is normal for your mouth to feel a bit sore once the implants are installed, which can make the process of flossing and brushing uncomfortable. It’s important that you don’t let this discomfort prevent you from taking care of your oral health. You need to stay on top of keeping the surgical area clean in order to reduce the risk of a potential infection.
To conclude an ideal dental material will be required to consider both aesthetic and functional properties. The functional properties include having high elasiticity , strength, high tensile strength, high compressive strength, and high flexural strength. Along with these properties it is important for the material to be nontoxic and biocompatible with the oral cavity.
Our analysis revealed that Affinis® had more dimensional stability in comparison to Panasil® and in the Panasil® impression material, the percentage of dimensional change was significant after 168 h. However, dimensional changes in all of the evaluation times were in the American Dental Association (ADA) standard range. Therefore, these materials had acceptable clinical dimensional stability for approximately 168 h. In the current study, impressions were made from stainless steel dies following the ADA specification for impression materials. This provides a protocol that can be easily replicated by others and it is the same as making a clinical
I have completed 3 laboratory projects so far and currently working on my Master’s thesis project studying various properties of Bioactive materials. While working on the proposal, I have learned that quality work requires persistence, patience and that one should be able to accept failures and continue till you are successful. It also taught me to take criticism positively and use it constructively. I was honored to receive Dr. Ray Bowen Fellowship sponsored by the Academy of Operative Dentistry and ADA foundation for my thesis project. I have co-authored article title Retention of CAM ceramic-resin composite crowns following different bonding protocols which has been submitted to Journal of Dentistry for review. This program also enabled me to present my research on various platforms. The faculty have been very supportive and guided me to apply and win various awards over a span of just 9 months after starting the program. This program also provided me with a great opportunity to be exposed to Prosthodontic Program to better understand the scope of the specialty. It gave me an opportunity to observe and assist prosthodontic faculty in the clinic in complex cases. Additionally, speaking with prosthodontic residents at UAB allowed me to find more about American Prosthodontic programs, their requirements, and their
Ceramic materials are a viable alternative because of superior esthetics, biocompatibility, resistance to wear, and a similar coefficient of thermal expansion as that observed for dental structure. Advantages of ceramics are