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Peculiarities of African traditional religion
Impact of christianity on african traditional religion
Peculiarities of African traditional religion
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The Xhosa people like many other people in the world hold their religion in high regards. It is the center of their lives and culture. They like many others have been practicing their religion for many years. The Xhosa people live in Africa. Christian missionary’s came to their villages and converted many of the people to Christianity. Instead of switching their beliefs the Xhosa people combined their own traditional religion with that of Christianity. In this paper I will show how the two religions fit together. To show this comparison let’s look first at some aspects of the Xhosa religion. “The amaXhosa live mostly in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, in an area stretching off the KwaZulu-Natal border to the Eastern Cape Zuurveld.”(Venter, …show more content…
The ancestors are seen as being closer to God than the actual people of Africa. That is one of the reasons they communicate with them. The Xhosa people also make animal sacrifices to the ancestors. This helps keep the connection between the spiritual and material world intact. To help people stay connected with their ancestors the Xhosa people have what’s “referred to as a sangoma or a ‘traditional healer’.” (Manganyi and Buitendag, pg2) The sangoma acts as the middleman between the physical and spiritual world. They communicate with the families and the spirits. For this to happen the family will sacrifice an animal and they end the ritual by burning the animal’s …show more content…
“The main source of these religions is the belief in God and his attributes. Several scholars have demonstrated the fact that AIR believe in the Supreme God, the creator of the heavens and the earth.”(Adamo, David T., pg8) This teaching is very important and the fact that both religions understand this is quite a significant step forward. “Another factor that may bring Africans closer to Jesus Christ is sacrificial offering.”(Manganyi and Buitendag, pg9) Instead of the Xhosa people sacrificing animals with the sangoma to talk with the ancestors. It could become the Xhosa participating in the sacrifice of the mass with a Priest and prayer to the saints. The saints could take the place of the ancestors because the Xhosa people saw the ancestors as closer to God and the Catholics believe that the saints are closer to God. In the religious practice of the Xhosa they have what is called an umsebenzi which can become the church service in which they do their sacrifices and pray to the ancestors or
Author of “The Negro Family”, E. Franklin Frazier believed that the centrality of the bible, structure of Black worship, and notion of God that evolved from the invisible institution to the Black Church was confirmation of the power of white influence . These tactics and different developments were merely adaptive methods used by slaves in order to worship freely in a confined space. Frazier’s beliefs were undermined by author Gayraud S. Wilmore’s description of Vodun in his book Black Religion and Black Radicalism. Frazier’s contention that black religion was evidence of white influence assumes a blank and passive slate. While Vodun in West Africa did have organization that was probably “infiltrated by Roman Catholicism” the goal of New World Africans was to adapt and understand their lives (Wilmore 43). Although white influence was forced upon New World Africans, slaves did not accept this influence but rather interpreted it to create a new, place-based Vodun religion. Vodun adapted to New World conditions, functioned as a coping mechanism, and possessed evolutionary qualities.
Okorafor’s novel, Lagoon, depicts religion as causing both an internal and external conflict between several of the characters. First off, Father Oke is a major player in the portrait of Christianity. Father Oke is the bishop that Chris turns to when he is fighting with Adaora. Father Oke isn’t the typical man that comes to mind when you think of a “Holy Man”. He owns several nice cars, wears expensive clothing and is simply in the business for the money. The gateman at Chris and Adaora’s house said, “even though he was Muslim, he had nothing against Christians. But a Bishop displaying such extravagance seemed wrong” (41). As we can tell from the gateman’s observation of the bishop, it was obvious that he wasn’t afraid to hide his wealth. However,
To begin, most Africans have come from societies with traditional African religious backgrounds unrelated to Islam or Christianity. As a whole, African religious traditions combine belief in a Supreme Being with the worship of other gods and ancestors and use ritual and magic to mediate between human beings, nature, and the gods. In many African languages, there is no word for God, because in their tradition every thing and place embodies God. Many African religions have common tenets. They share a belief in a community of deities, the idea that ancestors serve as a way to communicate with these deities. They also share the belief...
Zahan, Dominique. The Religion, Spirituality, and Thought of Traditional Africa. Trans. Kate Ezra Martin and Lawrence M. Martin. Chicago: U of Chicago Press, 1979.
The novel Things Fall Apart written by Chinua Achebe highlights the many important historical events that happened during the period of colonialism, spread of religious fervor to Africa from Europe, and the importance of the native religion among African societies. Achebe shows that religion holds a major influence in many African societies and influences the daily life of the natives. Furthermore, the novel introduces a major event that happen during pre-colonial Africa, the spread of the Christian faith, which forever changed and affected the natives in Africa, more specifically the Igbo society located in Nigeria. Things Fall Apart vividly describes and explains how the Christian faith that arrived in Africa changed both the individuals in the Umoufia and society. To add on, the novel shows how the spread of Christianity ultimately leads to the destruction of the many native African cultures, and shows what redeeming qualities that arise from the destruction of their culture. Achebe describes how the Christian faith acts as a guide to the Igbo society and at the same time acts as the inevitable downfall of the Igbo society.
During the Western Imperialism era there were many changes made in Africa. One of the major changes that took place was that of religion. Most of the African tribes had their own religion and it was most of the time, polytheistic, with many Gods. When the Europeans came to these villages they brought the religi...
Imagine a group of foreign people invading your home, disavowing all your beliefs, and attempting to convert you to a religion you have never heard of. This was the reality for thousands and thousands of African people when many Europeans commenced the Scramble for Africa during the period of New Imperialism. A great fiction novel written by Chinua Achebe, Things Fall Apart, highlights the responses to missionaries by African people. The African natives responded to the presence of white missionaries with submission to their desires, strategic responses to counteract them, and with the most disruptive response of violence.
The spreading of Christian views and beliefs were very popular amongst the French and Spanish societies. Both the French and Spanish missionaries took it upon themselves to travel to the “New World” to spread the message of Christ. Many of the missionaries were not prepared to deal with the very different lifestyles and religious views that the natives had. The missionaries had to use many tactics to relay the message of Christ to the native people of the Americas. Many missionaries would struggle at converting the natives while on their religious quest to mission. Both the French and the Spanish would feel as though it is their duty to try and convert these pagan believers to Catholicism. This would ultimately lead to conflict amongst the different cultures. This paper will discuss the many different tactics used by both the French and Spanish missionaries in trying to convert and spread Catholicism. It will also discuss how they also viewed the lifestyle and culture of the natives. Lastly I will discuss how the natives responded to the missionaries and what they thought of these foreign invaders.
The process of syncretization among the African religions helps to explain why those cults found it relatively easy to accept and integrate parts of Christian religious belief and practice into the local cult activity. Initially this integration was purely functional, providing a cover of legitimacy for religions that were severely proscribed. But after a few generations a real syncretism became part of the duality of beliefs of the slaves themselves, who soon found it possible to accommodate both religious systems.
During the 19th and 20th century, Africa experienced various influences and manipulation from Western colonizers. Westerners emerged with strong intentions to destroy local traditions and establish a solid group of supporters who would accommodate their rule. Religion, being central to all African lives, was the first on the colonizers’ execution list. Evangelists and Missionaries arrived in Africa and infused with the local African community, appearing to be supportive and empathetic towards the natives. Gradually, Africans became brain-washed and started to fall for the cajolery that Westerners had plotted. However, eradicating the beliefs that were had been so deeply rooted in African culture for centuries were not an easy task. Although many radical Africans were tolerant towards the Westerners, conse...
the only motive at work; the Spanish saw the continuing practice of African rooted religions as a
Religions of the ancient world were in a state of constant flux. Karl Jaspers states that between the eighth and fourth centuries B.C.E, “great changes took place in all the civilized world” (qtd. in Basham 36), and the great thinkers of these times began thinking independently and individually. Moreover, “after these great thinkers the world was never the same again” (qtd. in Basham 36-37). These times were dubbed the “axial period” (qtd. in Basham 37). The axial religions that emerged during this period were profound and lasting. In fact, the religions discussed in this paper—Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Christianity—are considered the most practiced religions to do this day. Although these religions have changed over time, their underlying structure remains intact.
Igbo spirituality weakened in two waves. First Christianity provided answers that the inhabitants of Umuofia and Mbanta were seeking. At the end of Part One Obierika's thoughts are expressed:
As the English began to colonize the Igbo society, there were few natives who opposed it, others just felt that the English would come and go, but they were wrong. Soon, the English began to introduce "white man's religion." This new religion was completely the opposite of what the natives were accustomed to. Christianity was rather intriguing to many of the natives and many of them turned away from their families and everything they were to become a member of this new religion. Before this, the natives had been very superstitious, but as their new religion flooded over the peoples, their superstition began to lessen and their belief in the many gods they had previously believed in.
“Mr. Brown, the white missionary, who was very firm in restraining his flock from provoking the wrath of the clan.” (Achebe, p.178) This argues the typical aggressive approach that is related to the method of colonization. Mr. Brown shows respect to the religion that the clan has lived by and decides that by learning about it he will have a clearer perspective of how to approach the indigenous people to convert. “Whenever Mr.Brown went to that village he spent long hours with Akunna in his obi talking through an interpreter about religion. Neither of them succeeded in converting the other but they lear...