In 2011 FEMA published the Whole Community Approach to Emergency Management document to re-emphasize the importance of involving the entire community in the execution of emergency management related activities. FEMA’s was trying push the focus of emergency past that of a strictly governmental function. Noting the importance of public-private partnerships, especially in the service sector, FEMA urged a wider a net to be cast not just in the response phase, but all phases of emergency. Additionally, with expanding diversity in the County, FEMA stressed the importance of forging strong connections with community leaders to enable a better understand and appreciation of the type of peoples that make up the community. The Open for Business
Waugh, William L, and Gregory Streib. "Collaboration and Leadership for Effective Emergency Management." Public Administration Review, 66.6 (2006): 131-140.
In 2003, Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) was rolled into the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. FEMA’s responsibilities are to prepare, protect, respond, and recover from diminish all hazards. There was a mass coverage about the failure for FEMA to act immediately to Katrina, but once they were able to get things organized such as giving food and water, and setting up the tent and shelters communities can be strong and move on.
Both man-made and natural disasters are often devastating, resource draining and disruptive. Having a basic plan ready for these types of disaster events is key to the success of executing and implementing, as well as assessing the aftermath. There are many different ways to create an emergency operations plan (EOP) to encompass a natural and/or man-made disaster, including following the six stage planning process, collection of information, and identification of threats and hazards. The most important aspect of the US emergency management system in preparing for, mitigating, and responding to man-made and natural disasters is the creation, implementation and assessment of a community’s EOP.
Federal intervention in the aftermath of natural disasters began after the San Francisco earthquake in 1906. This 8.3 magnitude earthquake killed 478, and left over 250,000 homeless. While the disaster itself was obviously unavoidable, the subsequent fires that burned throughout the city were a result of poor planning. (1, 17) In an effort to consolidate existing programs, and to improve the nation’s level of preparedness, President Carter created FEMA in 1979. Initially, FEMA was praised for improving communication between various levels of government, and multiple agencies during a crisis. (1,19)
In this essay I shall make a critical comparison of different theories and approaches of community organising. By focusing on main aspects of Paulo Freire and Saul Alinsky’s models of community organising I shall discuss how applicable these models are in the UK. By drawing examples from experiences of applying Root Solution Listening Matters (RSLM) and Participatory Action Research (PAR) frameworks in my practice. I shall demonstrate relationships and differences between the two. By addressing key elements of theories of power and conflict I shall highlight the main characteristics of both and use these theories as lenses to view some problems in the communities. By comparing models of community enterprise I shall reflect on future opportunities of a budding community enterprise. Finally by outlining the methods of evaluation I shall reflect on my chosen framework for evaluation of my work.
Federal Agencies help serve the United States by protecting our well-being, and making sure that we run at full efficiency. Agencies provide services to the people of the United States for many reasons. The EPA helps the environment, the FDA makes sure our food is safe to eat, and the DEA limits drug usage, and smuggling. All of these agencies have a specific job to do. An agency doesn’t deal with another agencies problems, unless they work together. One agency in particular is the Federal Emergency Management Agency, or FEMA. FEMA is part of the Department of Homeland Security, which is under the executive branch. FEMA is an integral part in keeping our nation safe. Founded on April 1st, 1979 by then president Jimmy Carter to prevent hazards,
Over recent years FEMA has increase their involvement in the community. After a catastrophic event FEMA is able to coordinate the efforts to build, rebuild and stabilize the region. The Mayor of New Jersey asked residents to send messages to his own Twitter account if they required help, and provide information the city’s snow cleanup effort back out to residents (Siegriest, 2010). The betterment of the technology and science underlying the biological aging process has the potential to not only extend the average lifespan, but also to simultaneously postpone many if not all of the disabling and costly conditions that individuals experience in later life, thereby creating a longevity dividend that will be social, medical and economical
Communities must come together in order to be aware of the steps that must be taken to reduce or prevent risk. “The guidance, programs, processes, and systems that support each component of the National Preparedness System enable a collaborative, whole community approach to national preparedness that engages individuals, families, communities, private and nonprofit sectors, faith based organizations and all levels of government.” (FEMA, 2011). Resources within a community are prioritized and customized based on community-based issues and local security programs. The resources used as the front line of defense are first responders, such as police officers, firefighters and medical personnel. The resources are provided and prioritized based on the priority of threat and risks to a specific community. Therefore, the threats and risks targeted towards a community must be analyzed and acknowledged in order to apply the correct resources to the opposing prioritized threats. Disasters and emergencies typically begin at the local level and eventually require resources from state and federal
Government preparation efforts had been in the works for years prior to Hurricane Katrina striking the Gulf Coast. In fact a recent as 2004 a hurricane drill was hosted by FEMA simulating a disaster event rivaling that of Hurricane Katrina including the evisceration of the city in also a similar manner. This drill, otherwise known as the “Hurricane Pam” drill, caused enough of an effect to get additional funding for preventative measures.
The Department of Homeland Security is here to prevent terrorist attacks, and react to them in an
FEMA The Federal Emergency Management Agency is an organization of the United States Department of Homeland Security, initially formed by Presidential Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1978 and applied for two Executive Orders on April 1, 1979. The initial first response to a disaster is the job of local emergency services with the help of the surrounding sources. A major disaster can be a result of tornadoes, hurricanes, earthquakes, and floods. The event must be more than the state or local governments can handle alone.
Coordinated Community Response The Coordinated Community Response (CCR) was implemented to prevent women from becoming revictimized with abuse. There is not a formal plan or protocol for implementing CCR. Local officials unite and work towards helping a battered victim to work towards putting a stop to IPV. The purpose of CCR is to allow multiple agencies to collaborate to work with the needs of the client. For example, if a woman is being battered and wants to leave her situation, it is likely that she will need protection from various agencies such as law enforcement, social services, and housing resources.
As public health professionals, community health nurses have a significant role to play in both disaster preparedness and response (Clark, 2008). Disaster preparation involves the public health personnel as a result of the knowledge of the community and its inhabitants. As public health personnel are knowledgeable of potential issues with patients and environment. Community nurses use their nursing process of assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, and evaluating. Prior to the disaster, the community is assessed by the nurse by identifying high risk residents like a ventilator dependent patients who would be affected by the loss of electricity. In addition, being aware which businesses or buildings can be damaged if a disaster should occur needs to be considered. For example, water treatment plant in Franklin County provided clean county water. It no longer has electricity and loss the ability to provide clean water. The publics’ water is at risk of contamination which easily harbor bacteria that lead to lead to epidemic like MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus). The possibility lead to 3 point public announcement to ad...
Understanding the types of disasters for which the community is susceptible is essential for emergency preparedness (Nies & McEwen, 2011). All communities are susceptible to man-made disasters; terrorism, fires, and mass transit accidents; and emergency preparedness is essential. The Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency (PEMA) is responsible for disaster planning. Assessment, Predictability and Prevention For the purpose of this paper, the surrounding communities of Central Pennsylvania will be assessed.... ...
The increase in unpredictable natural disasters events for a decade has led to put the disaster preparedness as a central issue in disaster management. Disaster preparedness reduces the risk of loss lives and injuries and increases a capacity for coping when hazard occurs. Considering the value of the preparatory behavior, governments, local, national and international institutions and non-government organizations made some efforts in promoting disaster preparedness. However, although a number of resources have been expended in an effort to promote behavioural preparedness, a common finding in research on natural disaster is that people fail to take preparation for such disaster events (Paton, 2005; Shaw 2004; Spittal, et.al, 2005; Tierney, 1993; Kenny, 2009; Kapucu, 2008; Coppola and Maloney, 2009). For example, the fact that nearly 91% of Americans live in a moderate to high risk of natural disasters, only 16% take a preparation for natural disaster (Ripley, 2006).