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Historical outooks on mental illness
About medieval medicine
Mental illness in the middle ages essay
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Recommended: Historical outooks on mental illness
Statement of intended research
Question: By the study of primary sources and clinica writing, what can we learn about mental health in the Tudor era (1485-1603)? And how physicatric culture continued to develop further during the 17th century?
The mental health of Tudor England is overlooked. The current historical research looks at the physical health of people, but often avoids going into too much detail or research on mental health during this period. Although the histiorgraphy of mental health as a whole has been often discussed by such historians like G. E. Berrios and Roy Porte, it is clear that there is a need for further study in this area. Research on the history of mental health has often been carried out by clinicians who have had very little training in historical research, and modest understanding of the time period and a series of events
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Tudor England (Oxford University Press, 1988)
• Currie. Andrew. S. MD. Edinburgh Medical Journal: Issue 38: Notes on the Obstetric Histories of Catharine of Aragon and Anne Boleyn. Edinburgh Medical Journal: Issue 38, Part One (July-September 1888) pp.295-302
Online Archives
• US National Library of Medicine: The Digital Collection.
• British History Museum: Online Collections
Clinical writing sources
In order to gather a clinical understanding of mental illness, I have been studying ‘The Encyclopedia of Mental Health’ by Howard Friedman (2006) in order to get a basic understanding on each condition that occurred during the 15th to 17th centuries, which I have found in my readings. I then intend to go onto study in depth, through the ‘Oxford TextBook of Psychiatry (fifth ed.) which I have borrowed from my
Leupo, Kimberly. "The History of Mental Illness." The History of Mental Illness. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2013.
In the 1800’s people with mental illnesses were frowned upon and weren't treated like human beings. Mental illnesses were claimed to be “demonic possessions” people with mental illnesses were thrown into jail cells, chained to their beds,used for entertainment and even killed. Some were even slaves, they were starved and forced to work in cold or extremely hot weather with chains on their feet.
Madness: A History, a film by the Films Media Group, is the final installment of a five part series, Kill or Cure: A History of Medical Treatment. It presents a history of the medical science community and it’s relationship with those who suffer from mental illness. The program uses original manuscripts, photos, testimonials, and video footage from medical archives, detailing the historical progression of doctors and scientists’ understanding and treatment of mental illness. The film compares and contrasts the techniques utilized today, with the methods of the past. The film offers an often grim and disturbing recounting of the road we’ve taken from madness to illness.
German scientist and satirist, Georg C. Lichtenberg, once said, “Sickness is mankind's greatest defect.” Sickness affects everyone, no matter where one is from or how one lives. Even in today’s world with modern medicine, sickness runs rampant. If one were to think back to when the only cures society had were rituals, a prime example of sickness in a society is England. Recalling the plagues in England, one can easily see the two prominent plagues that struck, along with how they affected English economy and culture.
K., Alchin L. "Health in the Middle Ages." Health in the Middle Ages. Web. 25 Nov. 2013.
Phillips, J. G. "The Early Treatment Of Mental Disorder: A Critical Survey Of Out-Patient Clinics." Journal Of Mental Science 69.(1923): 471-482. PsycINFO. Web. 12 Nov. 2013.
The treatment of the mentally ill started back in the far past. In 400 BC, Hippocrates, who was a Greek physician, treated mental illness as diseases of disturbed physiology, and not displeasure of the Gods or demonic possession ("Timeline: Treatments for," ). Greek medical writers found treatments such as quiet, occupation, and the use of a drug called purgative hellebore ("Timeline: Treatments for,”). During these times, family members took care of the mentally ill ("Timeline: Treatments for,”). In the middle Ages, the Europeans let the mentally ill have their freedom, as long as they were not dangerous ("Timeline: Treatments for,”). The mentally ill were also seen as witches who were possessed by demons ("Timeline: Treatments for,”). In 1407, the first mental illness establishment was made in Valencia, Spain ("Timeline: Treatments for,”).
In prehistory, the idea of a mental illness was challenging to comprehend. The people of these ancient times thought it was magical spirits o...
While the diagnosis of mental conditions is considered a modern practice, people throughout history have suffered similar mental illnesses but have gone undocumented or unstudied. But even without scientific or psychological records, mental illness can clearly be derived from historical figures and works of art. As early as the 1600s, characters in literary pieces are known to depict characteristics of modern mental labels. During this time period, mental illnesses were generally credited to witchcraft or demonic possession. Though the explanations seem farfetched, the symptoms of what are now seen as neurological disruptions remain the same. In William Shakespeare’s seventeenth century play Macbeth, several characters portray indications of what could be the modern diagnosis schizophrenia.
Smith, S L, Action Mental Health. (2013). Talk Back: Looking back over 65 years of mental healthcare. Available: http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/content/assets/PDF/publications/talkback-september-2013.pdf?view=Standard. Last accessed 17/03/2014.
Szasz, Thomas. Coercion as Cure: A Critical History of Psychiatry. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction, 2007. Print. Braslow, Joel T. Mental Ills and Bodily Cures: Psychiatric Treatment in the First Half of the Twentieth Century. California: University of California, 1997. Print.
Doward, J. (2013), Medicine's big new battleground: does mental illness really exist? The Observer 12 May.
Mental illness, today we are surround by a broad array of types of mental illnesses and new discoveries in this field every day. Up till the mid 1800’s there was no speak of personality disorder, in fact there was only two type of mental illness recognized. Those two illnesses as defined by Dr. Sam Vaknin (2010), “”delirium” or “manial”- were depression (melancholy), psychoses, and delusions.” It was later in 1835 when J. C. Pritchard the British Physician working at Bristol Infirmary Hospital published his work titled “Treatise on Insanity and Other Disorder of the Mind” this opened the door to the world of personality disorder. There were many story and changes to his theories and mental illness and it was then when Henry Maudsley in 1885 put theses theories to work and applied to a patient. This form of mental illness has since grown into the many different types of personality disorder that we know today. Like the evolution of the illness itself there has been a significant change in the way this illness is diagnosed and treated.
When it comes to mental illnesses people tend to assume the worst of the patients, what they don’t think about is the people who care for them. They don’t care what really goes on behind the walls of the facilities. The patients were treated like animals, and horrendous punishments were appointed whenever someone missbehaved. Instead of helping the patients with their mental health, the doctors and nurses were making the patients feel worse. Recovery was on the low percentage and thirty-eight percent of the patients in mental hospitals in the 1800s were reported dead. If we were to compare the time periods of 1600s-1800s and 2000s the differentiality would be beyond extremity.
Varcarolis, E. M., & Halter, M. J. (2010). Foundations of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing. St. Louis: Saunders Elsevier.