Application of the eight questions of Universal Structures of Thought by Elder and Paul According to Elder and Paul there are eight questions which must be asked in order to identify the true nature of thought. In this paper I will apply these questions, which are known as the Universal Structures of Thought, to the Washington Post’s article “Another Intelligence Twist”. The questions begin with “what is my fundamental purpose?” In reference to the issue at hand it was the Bush administration purpose to discontinue support to North Korea while they continued developing a nuclear weapons program utilizing enriched Uranium. The Administration’s point of view was that the Communist North Korea would continue building a nuclear weapons program …show more content…
Through intelligence sources the Bush Administration learned that the North Koreans had secretly obtained twenty centrifuges for the enrichment of Uranium from Pakistan. These centrifuges are an integral part of the process to manufacture weapons grade Uranium. This alone shows that the North Koreans where seeking a means to create Weapons of Mass Destruction and were not acting in good faith of the Disarmament Agreement. The North Korean leaders were more focused on obtaining the power of nuclear weapons, than the procurement of food and fuel for their citizenry. Another piece of information that the article leads us to believe is necessary would be how far the process had gone. At the time of the Administration’s decision North Korea’s Uranium enrichment was in its infancy, however, intelligence sources estimated that it would only take until mid-decade to complete the required facilities. Another piece of information that I have chosen to research is the actual substance that the North Korean leaders were trying to obtain. In comparison to Plutonium, Highly Enriched Uranium is the easiest substance, and least volatile weapons grade fissile material, that is capable of being used to make nuclear weapon, being the only material that can be employed in a “gun type” weapon. This design …show more content…
It would be better for them to cut support to the government and allow them to continue the development of Plutonium then to supply them with much needed resources, which would allow them to grow stronger, while building Weapons of Mass Destruction, behind the United States back using a non-sanctioned material. The Bush Administration was using the concept that North Korea is a rogue regime, and had been attempting to obtain Weapons of Mass Destruction for quite some time. The Administration did not trust the North Korean leaders to uphold their end of the deal. Because the Bush Administration understood the mindset of the Communist government they were able to ascertain that it would be futile to continue with the agreement, because the United States would only be making them stronger, while they continued the attempt to manufacture weapons grade fissile materials in order obtain nuclear
The Korean War , although successful in preventing the spread of communism, was one of the first tests of communism in Asia. North Korea was strictly communist while South Korea was democratic. As usual, the United States supported democratic South Korea and the Truman Doctrine was applied to the Korean situation. The North Korean forces crossed the dividing line (38th parallel) and invaded South Korea. Thus, they provoked a war over communism. With the possibility of democratic South Korea falling to the communistic North, the U.S. stepped in and supplied aid mostly through troops. The U.S. then urged the United Nations to support South Korea and fight against the communist North. Once the North Korean forces were defeated at Inchon, they eventually got pushed back to the 38th parallel. However, against President Truman’s word, American General MacArthur decided to keep pushing back the North Korean forces by crossing the dividing line. This caused more trouble because the People’s Republic of China (Communist China) now sent troops to aid the communists against the pro...
In this paper I will evaluate and present A.M. Turing’s test for machine intelligence and describe how the test works. I will explain how the Turing test is a good way to answer if machines can think. I will also discuss Objection (4) the argument from Consciousness and Objection (6) Lady Lovelace’s Objection and how Turing responded to both of the objections. And lastly, I will give my opinion on about the Turing test and if the test is a good way to answer if a machine can think.
President Truman strategy was a “negotiated settlement” “This would end the war, unfortunately North Korea would remain independent.” His tactics were diplomatic, whenever there would be a dispute he would talk it out not causing any trouble or alarming other countries there is a collision of interests.
and not start a war since they know the reality which is that they are dealing with weapons of
John Searle’s Chinese room argument from his work “Minds, Brains, and Programs” was a thought experiment against the premises of strong Artificial Intelligence (AI). The premises of conclude that something is of the strong AI nature if it can understand and it can explain how human understanding works. I will argue that the Chinese room argument successfully disproves the conclusion of strong AI, however, it does not provide an explanation of what understanding is which becomes problematic when creating a distinction between humans and machines.
As the cold war had brought upon a lot of conflict, it had also had the struggle of the economy from the remnants of the Second World War and the 70’s that had really brought the entire situation down. In the beginning of the nuclear arms race, it was commonly believed that nuclear weapons provided more benefits than the cost was so they justified their somewhat frivolous spending. While the greater explosive power of nuclear weapons may cause them to be cheaper per kiloton, as wholesale of a particular item does in today’s world, this statement proves to be untrue for the arms race and it even hides the actual economic costs of the nuclear weapons. Economic pressure had already been with the United States from the previous years that had left a negative impact before the beginning of the nuclear arms race, and all the millions, billions, and even trillions spent on acc...
This document was called NSC-68, whatever that means. Before McArthur got fired he was training the Koreans to fight in the war. He said he needs more than four week trained Koreans. On top of that American advisers said not more than half were ready for war. Koreans take over Seoul in there first push over there. One thing was that president Truman said was on November 30th, 1950 he said he was considering to use atomic bombs. Then president Truman said he wanted an offensive war, so the United Nations and Americans pushed back and took back Seoul their capital city. China was scared now, and helped the North Koreans out by fighting. This war was so bloody there were millions of deaths. In the first month alone 4000 tons of bombs were dropped. Knocking down city's on accident, it was a horrible time, and people in the U.S were protesting.
This led to the US and North Korea signing the Agreed Framework. Under this agreement, North Korea agreed to stop its illicit plutonium production in exchange for increased aid from the United States. While this agreement broke down in 2002, the Six-Party Talks restarted the efforts to stop North Korea from gaining nuclear weapons, involving the aforementioned North Korean, South Korea, Japan, China, Russia, and the United States. This led to Pyongyang pledging to abandon its nuclear weapons program in 2005.... ...
Relations between the United States and North Korea have been unstable since the second world war and with each passing decade the relations have become more tense. The U.S has never have formal international relations with North Korea , however the conflict has caused much controversy in U.S foreign policy. North Korea has been the receiver of millions of dollars in U.S aid and the target of many U.S sanctions. This is due to the fact that North Korea is one of the most oppressive regimes on the planet, that uses unjust techniques such as murder, torture, and starvation to get their citizens to be obedient. They restrict contact from their citizens to the outside world, through censorship of technology and rarely allowing visitors to the country. The root of the US-North Korea conflict however ,has been on the basis of nuclear weapons and North Korea threatening to use those weapons against the U.S and neighboring South Korea. The U.S and other nations have been working for the last few decades to stop the regime from purchasing and utilizing destructive nuclear weapons.
Since its origin in 1948, North Korea has been isolated and heavily armed, with hostile relations with South Korea and Western countries. It has developed a capability to produce short- and medium-range missiles, chemical weapons, and possibly biological and nuclear weapons. In December 2002, Pyongyang lifted the freeze on its plutonium-based nuclear weapons program and expelled IAEA inspectors who had been monitoring the freeze under the Agreed Framework of October 1994. As the Bush administration was arguing its case at the United Nations for disarming Iraq, the world has been hit with alarming news of a more menacing threat: North Korea has an advanced nuclear weapons program that, U.S. officials believe, has already produced one or two nuclear bombs. As the most recent standoff with North Korea over nuclear missile-testing approaches the decompression point, the United States needs to own up to a central truth: The region of Northeast Asia will never be fully secure until the communist dictatorship of North Korea passes from the scene. After threatening to test a new, long-range missile, Pyongyang says it is willing to negotiate with "the hostile nations" opposing it. But whether the North will actually forgo its test launch is anyone's guess. North Korea first became embroiled with nuclear politics during the Korean War. Although nuclear weapons were never used in Korea, American political leaders and military commanders threatened to use nuclear weapons to end the Korean War on terms favorable to the United States. In 1958, the United States deployed nuclear weapons to South Korea for the first time, and the weapons remained there until President George Bush ordered their withdrawal in 1991. North Korean government stateme...
The original concrete was poured at Kuhmo by the east coast. Later that year in December the DPRK removed all ties with the IAEA and the plants in Yongbyong. They then ordered the inspectors out of Korea. Later that year they restarted the smaller reactors and restarted the recreation of the 8000 irradiated fuel rods to save the weapon grade plutonium. Around April in 2003 North Korea became the only country to withdraw from the NPT. Later that year some new nuclear reactors were in commision for assembly until KEDO was suspended and was restored in 2004 and 2005. Around May in 2006 the project was finally brought to an end. Just about all or most of the the steam generators, pressure vessels and all the other necessary materials were completed by the time this suspension came into effect. During 2006 in December the DPRK underwent trials of a new nuclear weapon underground. This was later reported to the UN Security Council. About 2 or 3 months later in February 2007 the DPRK made an agreement with the six-party talks with China, Japan, Russia, USA, and South Korea. The agreement consisted of the DPRK shutting down the nuclear plants at the Yongbyong reactors and the processing plants related to that plant by April 14th. While this was happening the IAEA was to monitor this and ensure the closing of this specific plants and reactors and in exchange for the needed assistance with the energy loss. Unfortunately they missed the April 14th deadline. After some time and some extremely well thought plans the reactors were then shut down around the middle of July 2007. The plants had been used to send used fuel to Mayak in Russia or Sellafield in the UK in order for it to be salvaged. The second part to the agreement that wasn’t upheld what to have taken stock of all the nuclear materials in the factories and to
Shortly after the North Korea People’s Army invaded South Korea and crossed the 38th Parallel, President Truman ordered the United States military to join the fight with South Korea in the Korean War. North Korea, who were backed by the Soviets, became communistic and out of fear, USA joined the fight to help keep South Korea win and to keep them anti-communist. With the United States of America and USSR with completely different ideologies,
Gardner, H. The Mind's New Science: A History of Cognitive Revolution. New York, Basic Books, 1987.
First off being the cost and maintenance of the weapons. These weapons cost tons to build and maintain, and can cause a dent in a nation 's treasury department (OccupyTheory). Studies show the United States will spend at least $179 billion over the nine fiscal years of 2010 to 2018 on its nuclear arsenal, averaging $20 billion per year, with costs increasing from $16 billion to $25 billion per year over that time period (NTI). So once a nation can fund the nuclear weapons, they have to look past their moral ethical beliefs to actually use the weapon. Serious questions abrupt when a nation plans on developing these weapons due to the power of the weapon. Due to the increasing development of nuclear weapons in the 1980s the United States and Russia set up a meeting in October 1986 where US President Ronald Reagan and Russian President Mikhail Gorbachev met in Iceland to discuss plans of abolishing nuclear weapons (NWT). On December 8, 1987, the US and Russia sign the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty to eliminate all land-based missiles that reach distances of 300-3400 miles (NWT). Another negative result of nuclear weapons are the damage it can create, environmentally and physically. Not even one month after the United States first tested their nuclear weapons in New Mexico, they put their weapons to use during World War II. A time which will forever be remembered in
It is a well-known fact that the dropping of the two atomic bombs near the end of World War II in 1945 ushered in the dawn of the Atomic Age. For the first time in human history, the world was introduced to the awesome power of nuclear weapons. Since that time, there have been several different nuclear threats to the world, and one of those threats can be found along the Pacific Rim, in the country of North Korea. Like the dropping of the atomic bombs, it is also known that the North Korean government has admitted to possessing nuclear weapons, and in doing so, it stands as a silent, potential nuclear danger to the rest of the world. To understand this situation more fully, one must be given some background, starting in the early 1950s.