Analyse the need for selecting the different voltages used for different parts of the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity.
Three Phase Systems Assignment 1
D1
Sean Smith JLR
Electricity is the most used source of power in the modern world. We something that is connected too electricity practically all of the time in the modern era from mobile phones to the lighting in our homes. Thinking about where our electricity comes from is something that we never really think about but the cycle that electricity goes through before reaching us is quite a long process. This process can be split down to three key things that electricity goes through before it reaches our homes. These sections can be slit down to the:
1. Generation
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The electricity leaves the plant which it is generated at very high voltages, either 275kV or 400kV. The first place that the voltage must get too before it gets too the end user is the supergrid. The supergrid is a large transmission network over the country and beyond which transmits electricity over vast areas. The supergrid receives the 275kV or 400kV from the power plant and steps it down too 132kV which is the voltage that travels along the supergrid network. The supergrid steps down the voltage in a delta-delta format. This means that the three phase transformer is connected in a delta format which means that there is no neutral line and there is only the three phases. In a delta connected format phase voltage identical on the line voltage. The delta format is better at this voltage as the neutral isn’t present as it operates better at higher voltages without the neutral. There are many ways that the voltage can be carried before getting to the supergrid. As a fair quantity of the United Kingdom’s power comes from overseas the voltage often has to travel distance to get where it needs to get too. There are multiple ways to transmit the voltages to where they need to go, a few examples of means of transmission are pylons, underground transmission
The major sources of energy in the US from highest percentage to lowest percentage are oil, coal, natural gas, nuclear fuels, renewable energy
The module AC/DC is directly related to the career path of the electrical linemen. In the module i learned about two types of electrical current, alternating (AC), and direct current (DC). In direct current (DC), the electric charge (current) only flows in one direction. Electric charge in alternating current (AC), on the other hand, changes direction periodically. The voltage in (AC) circuits also periodically reverses because the current changes direction. Electrical lineman work on power lines and other thing that have (AC) or (DC) current depending on what they are working on. Lineman work on electrically energized (live) and de-energized (dead) power line. They may perform a number of tasks associated with power lines, including installation or replacement of distribution equipment such as capacitor banks, distribution transformers on poles, insulators and fuses.
I agree with you, reading more and more about multi-payer systems, helps me have a clear understanding on why it is important in the U.S community. But I still believe that if the U.S have more preventive system, the cost would be lower due to early prevention or maintain their health. With using multi-payer system, I realized that the systems really help provide quality care. For instance, I use to work for a children hospital, and there were time when we had to transfer patients to other hospital like, Cleveland clinic and many more up scaled hospital that were able to provide better care for are patients, especially are patients with cancer. Even though it is an expensive lateral move, however, the quality of care is remarkable. Unfortunately,
· B-phase transformer (EMTU-TT01) · Feedback electronic wattmeter · Multi-range moving-iron ammeter · Instrument voltage transformer THEORY AND INTRODUCTION ----------------------- Transformers are used all over the world to step-up and step-down electricity. The transformer is one of the most commonly used electrical devices. The reason the transformer is so popular is because they range in size from 240V to well over 240kV, stepping -up and stepping-down electricity all over the world.
...th the regions. Accordingly, we can plan for future capacity on the backbone grid with much greater certainty identifying this now gives us the opportunity to determine strategies which will reduce the cost and footprint of providing this additional capacity and allows us to consider a wide range of technology options for providing this well ahead of critical need dates. The location of generation and steps changes in regional demands may require significant additions to regional connections from the grid backbone. But in these cases the requirement is less certain. Grid capacity expansions at the regional connections are not required in every scenario. Newer technologies for better utilizing the grid such as extracting more capacity from the existing lines or enhancing system performance with the use of demand side management are likely to have added value here.
There are usually two stages to this process. The transformer first steps-down the voltage from high to medium levels. There are different standards for a “medium-level voltage” in different countries; usually between 30 to 33 kV for Europe and Japan, but for the USA it is usually 34.5 kV. Finally, a heavy duty furnace transformer powers the EAF. This special furnace transformer is designed to allow the electric arc to operate within the desired current and voltage range.
The primary winding is attached to the alternating current grid and it is energized. The secondary winding gets its energy without touching it using duction. These power sources help move other parts of an electric
We need transformers in power system because of several reasons one most important reason is that electricity is generated at low voltages and in receiving end we also need low voltages but due to the high cost of transmitting low voltages and high currents we use step up transformers to step up the low voltage into high voltages and low currents which will also reduced the I2R losses during transmission of electricity and at receiving side this high voltage is step down to low voltage by using step down transformer.
The free electrons are given energy and as a result, move and collide with neighbouring. free electrons. This happens across the length of the wire and thus electricity is conducted in the building. Resistance is the result of energy lost as heat. The sand is hot.
Figure 6 shows a CPS view of the power grid. Figure 6 Power grid cyber physical infrastructures. Google] The cyber physical systems, consisting of electronic field devices, communication networks, substation automation systems, and control centers, are embedded throughout the physical grid for efficient and reliable generation, transmission, and distribution of power. The electrical grid has 3 main components: generation, transmission, and distribution.
The multiphase pump is a pump which can transport liquid as well as gas. The multiphase pumping doesn’t require separation of oil, gas or water. Production from field can be gathered and transported to a central processing area without requiring separate flow lines, separators, heat treaters, tanks, flares, stock pumps and compressor make this technology a simpler and economical compare to conventional methods. It is an isothermal machine in which the heat generated by compressing gas is carried away by the flow stream through the pump, contrary to a compressor, which is an adiabatic machine and requires additional cooling. The pictorial representation showing advantage of multiphase pump over conventional system is shown below:
The collected data include the transformer location, date and time, transformer failure duration, the disruptions in terms of power supply interruptions, protection accomplishment and transformer repair time etc. From the total failures of 196 units, the age of the population is in range of 2 to 30 years and the average age is 15 years. The number of failures of power transformers per voltage subpopulation during 2009-2013 and their total numbers are tabulated in Table 1. Table 2 shows the number of power transformer failure in various geographical zones during 2009-2013. The power transformer components based failures during 2009-2013 are shown in Table 3.
From these batteries, the electricity goes to an inverter, which then changes the DC to AC or alternating current in order to use our modern electrical appliances and gadgets. There are two types of grid systems, which operate off solar panels, “off-grid” or “grid-tied”. My mom chose an off-grid system, which means we are independent of the public utility grid, DMEA, and don't have to pay any electrical bills and, if there’s sun, there’s always power.... ... middle of paper ... ...
There are three parts to a typical hydropower plant. The first part is an electric plant where electricity is produced. The second is a dam that open and closes to control the flow of water. Water behind the dam goes into an intake and is pushed against blades in a turbine which causes them to turn. Then the turbine rotates a generator to create electricity.
After the condensation process is finished and the steam reverts back to water, it is pumped into the reactor again, thus completing the process of producing nuclear-based power. Next, hydro-electricity is electricity produced by moving water, flowing past a turbine connected to a generator (“Hydropower”). According to Nationalgeographic.com, a typical hydro-plant is a system with three parts: an electric plant where electricity is produced, a dam that can be opened or closed to control water flow, and a reservoir where water can be stored.... ... middle of paper ... ...