The Withered Arm by Thomas Hardy

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The Withered Arm by Thomas Hardy

“The Withered Arm” is a tragedy of fate and is a story of two women

linked to one man. The nature of the tragedy is that the suffering is

always a punishment that is disproportionate to the ‘offence’. In this

story it is the innocent who are punished for the sins of others

(Rhoda’s son, Gertrude). They exemplify the unfairness of existence.

The story begins with a group of milkmaids gossiping about the

farmer’s new, young wife. It is, perhaps, a comical scene, but it is

quickly apparent that the humour of these sharp tongued, common folk

is a bare veil over the hardship of rural life that Hardy finds

everywhere. One milkmaid, Rhoda, is quickly established as a former

lover of the farmer. She is separated from the others, physically, and

by their alienating chatter. At the end of Chapter One, Rhoda’s

cottage is a painful, if obvious, metaphor for her worn-down

existence. Her cottage has been attacked by the elements and is

virtually at the point of collapse:

“ It was built of mud-walls, the surface of which had been washed by

many rains into channels and depressions that left none of the

original flat face visible; while here and there in the thatch above a

rafter showed like a bone protruding through the skin.”

At first Rhoda is presented as the protagonist. She is frail, keenly

protected by the milkmen in the first chapter, and a single mother.

Yet as she is presented as increasingly jealous, and as Gertrude

appears increasingly perfect, our sympathies veer towards the latter.

In fact, Gertrude is less well drawn than Rho...

... middle of paper ...

...ssed her and she did not

altogether deplore that the young thing at her side should learn that

their lives had been antagonised by other influences than their own.”

Gertrude is a pathetic victim of ‘other influences’ but Rhoda, in

spite of being confirmed as a sorceress, takes on an almost tragic

quality. She attracts the sympathy that any jilted woman left with a

child might attract. Her jealousy is understandable, her ‘malignity’

is subconscious rather than conscious and she suffers from a sense of

guilt as she witnesses Gertrude’s decline. Finally, her agony and

anger over her son’s corpse are, if not exactly justified, excusable.

And the body over which she wails is the victim not only of law’s

harshness but also of his parents’ negligence. Nothing could better

illustrate the unfairness of existence.

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