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Norms and ethics of Vikings
The vikings history culture
The vikings history culture
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Vikings are fascinating. Though this is not a strong thesis, it is a true statement, one that will hopefully be backed up as I argue the actual thesis of this paper. Vikings have been immortalized in popular culture, inspiring everything from operas and classic fantasy novels to video games and Swedish death metal bands. Clearly the Vikings have an appeal to them rivaled by few other people groups throughout history. I can safely say that I have always found Vikings and their culture profoundly interesting, and a chance to learn more about them was not something I was going to pass up. Like any ethnic group, the Vikings have a very unique culture. Hardy and explorers by nature (Lemonick), the Vikings developed intricate customs and followed a very detailed …show more content…
Theft was abhorrent and intensely frowned upon, even to the point that it was one of the few crimes that would condemn the perpetrator to pain and suffering in the afterlife. On the other hand, raids were seen as an honorable challenge, in which the winning party would claim all of the loot. Of course, Vikings were the better fighters the vast majority of the time, and did not really have much loot to give off to anyone who bested them. Some bizarre upholding of these values is depicted in this anecdote provided by Short: A story from chapter 46 of Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar illustrates this distinction. While raiding a coastal farm, Egill and his men were captured by the farmer and his family, who bound all of the raiders. In the night that followed, Egill was able to slip his bonds. He and his men grabbed their captors' treasure and headed back to the ship. But along the way, Egill shamefully realized he was acting like a thief, saying, "This journey is terrible and hardly suitable for a warrior. We have stolen the farmer’s money without his knowledge. We should never allow such shame to befall
In Tolkien’s lecture, “Beowulf: The monsters and the Critics,” he argues that Beowulf has been over analyzed for its historical content, and it is not being studied as a piece of art as it should be. He discusses what he perceives the poet of Beowulf intended to do, and why he wrote the poem the way he did. Tolkien’s main proposition, “it was plainly only in the consideration of Beowulf as a poem, with an inherent poetic significance, that any view or conviction can be reached or steadily held” (Tolkien). He evaluates why the author centers the monsters throughout the entire poem, why the poem has a non-harmonic structure, why and how the author fusses together Christianity and Paganism, and how the author uses time to make his fictional poem seem real. He also discusses the overall theme of Beowulf and other assumptions of the text. To support his viewpoints, Tolkien uses quotations and examples from the poem, quotations from other critics, and compares Beowulf to other works of art. Tolkien discusses several statements in interpreting Beowulf as a poem.
Right from the beginning of “Horror and the Maternal in Beowulf,” Paul Acker’s ambition in writing is clear. In the span of only a few sentences, he boldly refutes J.R.R. Tolkien’s interpretation of the monsters in Beowulf, stating “Tolkien also deflected certain avenues of interpreting the monsters” (702). This immediate claim, straight from the first paragraph of Acker’s essay, sets a tone for the rest of the paper, one that is plagued by unethical rhetorical strategies in order to satisfy its ambitions. Though Acker does present a fair argument in regards to his ideas and thesis, that same validity does not carry over to his rhetoric. I will argue that Acker constructs his essay in an unethical fashion, something which evidences itself within his frequent avoidance of claiming his own argument in addition to forms of deception which coerce agreement from a reader.
Through raiding, some Vikings settled in foreign lands, where they farmed, raised cattle and in time, contributed to the community like the natives.
Ancient, timeless, and very, very hard to read, Beowulf has plagued well-meaning college students for centuries with its cryptic passages and vague metaphors. Yet at the root it resonates with a sort of clear allegorical criticism aimed at Scandinavian warrior society. In the story of Beowulf, the unnatural fiends in the poem were each symbols for the political strife in the system. They formed the basic constructs in an allegory against the flawed nature of the warrior society at the time.
“Beowulf” portrays the philosophical views of life that many people still regard today. Those views helped to shape and define the ideal Dane in their culture. For example, the traits looked for among the Danes were honesty, bravery, and humility. These three “requirements” in the Danes were but a few of numerous, admirable qualities these people possessed. But their most obvious philosophical view on living was for the good guy to always beat the bad guy. Their lives were about protecting others by destroying monsters; in the case of “Beowulf”, the monsters were literal. Grendel was one of three monsters that Beowulf went to destroy over the course of the poem. The Danes viewed Grendel and other monsters like him as stupid animals. The Danes’ view on life was to always stay brave and honest while protecting the weak. Through fighting these forces of evil, they found their meaning for existence while Grendel never did. One last philosophical view of life for the Danes was a resignation to death, especially in the case of Beowulf. In Beowulf’s final battle against the dragon he fought even though he had grown older and knew there was a good chance for him to die. His willingness to die for his people gave him not only recognition as a true hero but also a profound meaning to his life. In...
The dilemma here was that they were unable to evoke an adaptive change. One of the six core ideas of adaptive change is being able to identify they adaptive challenge, this is in direct comparison to Heifetz three main points of systems in distress that seek equilibrium; the point being to solve the problem (adaptive challenge). It is uncertain when the Norse actually came to the realization of the problem, but by the facts given in the essay about the bones found as fossils, it is adequate to assume that there must have been a point where the society began to realize they had an adaptive challenge. By eating all of their cattle and even their pets, it is shown that they figured out a solution for short term gain with long term consequences, another main point in Heifetz theory. The goal was to regulate distress, another of the six core ideas of adaptive challenge, but they failed due to their lack of ability to shift their
Vikings: A History (2012), by Neil Oliver, is an epic history of who the Viking were. The Vikings were made famous for the raping and pillaging of villages throughout Northern and Central Europe, and were admired for their violent, battle hungry warriors, but through past excavations and historical artifacts Oliver debunks what's myth and what was real in the Viking age. Neil Oliver is a Scottish journalist, archeologist, and historian in association with the BBC. The focus point of this book is the question of “who were the Vikings?” as well as tracing them from their initial ancestry.
Tolkien, J.R.R.. “Beowulf :The Monsters and the Critics.” In TheBeowulf Poet, edited byDonald K. fry. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968.
Ferguson begins by claiming that one of the main problems of trying to provide a history of the Vikings is that most of the literary sources that form our knowledge of the period were actually written hundreds of years after the events they describe. These literary sources, as well as documents mentioning the Vikings from the lands which they raided, cause some of our information to become skewed and unreliable. For this reason, Ferguson states that his goal in writing this book is to satisfy the reader’s desire for information “…without burdening it with an account of the innumerable controversies that cover every field of study of the period” (8). With this goal in mind, Ferguson implies that his main argument in the book is to cover every basic aspect of the Viking Age by using a variety of sources, all while giving his own expert opinion on the time period.
How heros are seen have varied imensley over time. Heroes are viewed as someone who is brave and their selfless acts provide safety and protection for others. However,Vikings had very different heroic values. These values included showing ccourage in the event of disaster, upholding honor by defending, and gaining martial skill. In the heroic epic Beowulf, the protagonist Beowulf perfectly shows the anglo-saxon code of honor by defending himself and a colony of people, achieving martial skill, and keeping his name honored. In opposition to Beowulfs nobility is the villain’s display of cowardism and greed.
The significance of the Scandinavian region in the development of the Viking ships was evident in the demand for power and speed in the waterways. The waterways became an important asset for the coastal cities, and the Vikings had to find advanced warships that could defend their territories and expand into enemy territories in the sea. Therefore, the overwhelming demand for ships led to the construction of the Viking ships. The ships evolved into a symbol of the Viking pagan religion. They became famous as symbols of great power and prowess. The Vikings endorsed the ship as a symbol of their religion and the culture of burying the chieftains in their ships became a common practice. Of course, the culture had an impact on the design and preservation of the Viking
Their culture is related to their past parental memories and traditions. Every single place in their tradition has its own meaning and historical importance. The Sami rights of self-determination is to promote their traditional culture and strengthen their social institutions, this is how the Swedish government has expressed their view on the traditional and cultural situation of Sami people “The Sami have a long, traditional and historical link to the area and this link is traced back to the time before the creation of the nation-state. The Sami people are to be considered an indigenous people in Sweden and have the rights to demand a special cultural treatment under international law. “The Sami have special relation with land and water, an indigenous people need other rights than other minorities, foremost self-determination to evolve their culture and identity, the provisions on indigenous population goes further compared to other minorities, concerning land, water and self-determination” (Nationell handlingsplan for de manskiga rattigheterna,Regeringens skrivele 2001, 02:83, p
the Vikings had an advantage when invading other regions. Vikings would not go where their ship could
One of the main reasons Vikings crossed the sea from Scandinavia and traveled to Iceland was to get away from the feudal system being established between the
Vikings were a truly diverse and fascinating people. As they rode the waves of the Atlantic Ocean to many different lands, the warriors struck terror into the hearts of people throughout the many countries they raided. Just the sight of the long, carved beasts at the bows of their ships slinking toward the shores through the mist was enough weaken even the strongest soul. However, while being vicious, inhumane barbarians, a different lifestyle prevailed in their homelands as they faced the same daily struggles as any other society. They were farmers, traders, explorers, and accomplished shipbuilders. There followed laws and customs for which there were punishments if those laws were not followed. They prayed to their Gods and loved their families. In the end, the Vikings traveled over most of the world and left a lasting impression that still excites our imaginations to this day.