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The Social Readjustment Rating Scale The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) was developed by Holmes
and Rahe (1967). This scale uses a variety of life events rated on a
scale of 0-100, with death of spouse at 100, being the most stressful
of the events on the scale. The values of all the experienced events
are then added together to give a total stress score. A number of
studies have shown that people’s illness rates increase following
increase rates in stress scores. However, a number of items on the
scale are vague e.g. ‘personal injury or illness’ appears to suggest
that someone could have the same stress score for flu and cancer.
Second, there is no general failure to consider the impact of an event
on an individual. Christmas is considered to be a mildly stressful
event, yet to some people, Christmas may seem extremely stressful, as
it may emphasise their loneliness. There is also failure to
distinguish between desirable and undesirable events. For example
pregnancy, could be much desired for a couple who are planning a
family, yet it may seem a disaster to a single mother who is
struggling with life as it is.
The Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS-2) is a self-report instrument designed to measure anxiety in children and adolescents aged six to nineteen years for clinical and educational purposes (diagnosis and treatment evaluation) (Reynolds & Richmond, 2008). The RCMAS-2 can be administered either individually or in a group setting. Children respond
Epstein, M.H. & Sharma, J.M. (1998). Behavioral and emotional rating scale: A strength-based approach to assessment. Texas: Pro-Ed.
Zung, W. W. K., (1965). A self-rating depression scale. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 12:63-70.[Duke Univ. Med. Ctr., Dept. Psychiatry, Durham, NC]
N Emler, S Renwick, B Malone - Journal of Personality and Social …, 1983 - psycnet.apa.org http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/index.aspx
Any time that a group enters a foreign habitat it must adapt to be able to thrive in its new environment. When a bird flies to a new home it must learn what it can and cannot eat in that area. The bird must learn what predators it has to avoid and what the climate is in its new environment. When a person moves from one neighborhood to another they have to adjust to the new people. The children must learn the slang that is spoken at the local school. The parents must learn what type of traffic laws are enforced. They must learn what restaurants are good and which are to be avoided. It is so difficult to move from one neighborhood to another, and it is so much harder to transplant oneself from one culture to an entirely new one where everything is new. Dominicans who come to America must cope with learning a new language and a new lifestyle. They are moving from the country in which they were so comfortable to a new one where they are unwelcome and often unhappy. Dominicans in the United States are facing problems, which ultimately lead them to be depressed people. This depression cycles in with their other problems to eventually give them a low quality of living, in a nation which has one of the highest qualities of living of any place in the world.
Restraint: The individual could use this response as an active strategy by waiting for “the right moment” to act or a passive strategy by not acting at all.
Liddle, H A., Rowe, C L., Dakof, G A., Henderson, C E., Greenbaum, P E.; (Feb, 2009). Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology; Vol 77(1); 12-25. Doi: 10.1177/0306624X10366960
Jamieson, J.P., Mendes, W.B., & Nock, M.K. (2012). Improving acute stress responses: The power of reappraisal. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(1), 51-56.
...afforded less tolerance than the limitations inherent in other tests" (Meyer & Archer, 2001). In the past few psychologists claimed the test to be important in highlighting changes and underlining the importance of reading its findings in a general view of personality dynamics (di Riso, Salcuni, Laghezza, Marogna, & Lis, 2009, p. 179). I would agree with the need for this test method to use it as a supplement to more empirically-based assessments. When used in agreement with tests, it can help with facilitation of self- expression for patients with possible psychopathological behaviors (Djuric Jocic & petot, 2005, p. 7) Engagement of clinical therapy and an examination of self for patients is encouraged. Nevertheless, to judge all personality tests based on the foundations of the Rorschach's unstable and invalid scoring codes would be to threat patients worldwide.
The Beck Anxiety Inventory is a 21-item scale that measures the severity of self-reported anxiety in adults and adolescents. The inventory was created by Aaron T. Beck and his colleague, Robert A. Steer, at the Center for Cognitive Therapy, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry. The most recent edition was published in 1993 by The Psychological Corporation, Harcourt Brace & Company in San Antonio, TX. The first edition was published in 1988. The 1993 edition recommends different scoring guidelines than previous editions. There is only one form and one manual as part of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). To purchase the BAI in 2010, the manual and 25 scoring sheets would cost $110.00. This information is from the Pearson Assessments website.
The skills a child learns throughout their first couple years of school are essential because they are the foundation for the rest of their education. Although preschool is not mandatory, this is where many young children first develop any sort of social and emotional connections. Now away from their parents and put in a new environment, social-emotional development can affect their behavior in school. Lily Sanabria-Hernandez (2007-2008) finds, “that children whose parents participated in the Peers Early Education Partnership made significantly greater progress in their learning than children whose parents did not participate." Sanabria-Hernandez points to the idea that we as parents are responsible to be active in our child’s education and
B. When I evaluate my interpersonal social wellness I come to a conclusion that I am an introvert at most times. I am very cautious with who I let into my life. I have very few friends that I have and trust. When it comes to myself in general I like to socialize but more so I like to be by myself and reserve time for me. I agree with the author’s interpretation. With the author’s interpretation the score I had was five which was very realistic in my case.
One weakness associated with the Rorschach is the association of cost and training of those who administer the test (Del Giudice, 2008). The Rorschach has been considered a very controversial measure and many psychologists consider the use of it risky (Del Giudice, 2008). It is also criticized by its lacking face validity; the measure is an inkblot test that does not show those who take the assessment what the assessor is actually looking for (Del Giudice, 2008). Thus, use of the Rorschach could be considered worrisome. Some authors consider some of the areas the Rorschach attempts to measure as problematic in terms of reliability (Wood, Lilienfeld, Nezworski, & Garb, 2001). In comparison to the reliability of a well-known cognitive test (the WAIS) the reliability for the Rorschach is markedly lower (Wood, Lilienfeld, Nezworski, & Garb, 2001). Though, there were findings related to the Rorschach and its findings related to personality functioning, there has been more recent research showing that the previous findings are not able to be replicated (Wood, Lilienfeld, Nezworski, & Garb, 2001). Other findings provide that the Rorschach may not be as related to anxiety and depression as it claims to be (Wood, Lilienfeld, Nezworski, & Garb, 2001). Another finding suggests that the Rorschach simply equates its findings to underlying constructs that may not necessarily be related
Patra, B., & Sarkar, S. (2013). Adjustment Disorder: Current Diagnostic Status. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 35: 4-9.
As the saying goes, saving money for rainy days, in other word preserve the summer harvest so there is food to eat in the long winter months. There is something naturally human about our need for security to have something on hand just in case. In 1935 the social security act was born from just such a need, when American was in crisis, so now with the current projections pointing to the crisis in social security, experts believe that by 2037, the social security trust fund will be exhausted.