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The ideology of Karl Marx
Marxist perspectives
The ideology of Karl Marx
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Venezuela is a country located on the northern coast of South America. Venezuela is full with sightseeing locations, including the majestic highest waterfall of the world Angel Falls. Over more than four decades, Venezuela has lived in a full democracy until 1999. Hugo Rafael Chavez Frias was a former military officer who won the presidential elections. A Hugo political view was based on the Marxist. However, this was a trick to manipulate and take advantage of the Venezuelan people. This created a division between the supporters and opponents, because he disguised a communist regime as a socialist movement. Throughout his fourteen years, Hugo died in 2013 from cancer. With his death, this left the presidential office open for reelections.
The Yarur textile factory played an important role in Chilean politics, and was the central role for the uprisings and downfalls in Chilean history. Its first key component was that it represented an economic empire based of paper and cloth that used these resources to gain political power through the aspect of having wealth. The second element of the Yarur factory that gave its importance in Chilean politics was that it represented a monopoly of Chile’s political capital. In Weavers of Revolution, Peter Winn depicts the relationship from a “revolution from above” and “revolution from below” and how the workers of the Yarur textile factory faced an on-going struggle between the working class and the government. Winn focuses his analysis of the Chilean road to socialism around the Yarur textile factory because it is through the modernization and changes of political, economic, and industrial policies that ultimately led to the workers movement to bring about a revolution.
Faria, Hugo J. 2008. "Hugo Chávez against the Backdrop of Venezuelan Economic and Political History." Independent Review 12, no. 4: 519-535. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed December 2, 2013).
On July 14th, 17189, a shot was heard around the world: the Bastille had been stormed. Propelled by Enlightenment ideas, a rigid class system, and resentment with the monarchy, on this day the French decided to take matters in their own hands. In the next three years, the French overthrew their monarch and established a government and constitution that promised equal rights for all. As the saying goes, history repeats itself. So was the case in Latin America. By 1810, revolutionary fervor had spread to Venezuela. The revolution here was caused by similar reasons. As a colony of Spain, Venezuela did not have a representational government or equality for all its citizens. Peninsulares, or European-born Spaniards, held all the important governmental positions. Like the nobility in France, Peninsulares did not have to pay taxes. Their children (as long as they were also born in Europe), had many educational opportunities. Below the peninsulares were the creoles, or Venezuelans of Spanish descent. Creoles owned much of the land, but they were considered inferior to the peninsulares. Like the bourgeoisie in France, creoles had to pay high taxes and were subject to strict regulation. Creoles were disappointed in what they saw as social and political inequality, and desired to obtain self-representation in the government. At first hesitant, creoles declared their independence amid the weakening of the Spanish crown and the spread of the Enlightenment ideas. The Venezuelan Revolution was influenced by the French Revolution by the spread of Enlightenment ideas, social inequality, the discontent of creoles, and their desire to gain independence from France and form a new democratic government.
Hugo Chavez was the president of Venezuela from 1999 to 2013. He had an interesting way of running the country during his presidency. His political position or ideology could be best defined as Bolivarianism for many reasons. Bolivarianism can be described as a set of doctrines that was popular in South America. It is named after the famous liberator Simon Bolivar. Hugo Chavez’s ideology involved ideas from others he had come to admire. Of course one of those that he admired was Simon Bolivar. The ideas for his ideology all began at a young age when he fell in love with history (Jones 23). During this age Hugo Chavez would often times read about a general named Ezequiel Zamora whom his great great grandfather had served (Marcano, Tyszka 11). Ezequiel Zamora will become a major influence in his ideology later on in his life. Besides Zamora, Chavez would also read about many other theorists. Hugo Chavez not only lived in poverty but also witnessed how bad the poverty around him was (Jones 25-26). Chavez did not like this poverty and wanted to change that any way he could. As he grew up he continued reading about the different theorists and ideologies that they made up (Jones 40). So since a young age Chavez had always been a leftist. As mentioned earlier it continued throughout his life and it intensified during his days at the military academy (Wilpert 07) Eventually Chavez became the president and his political position progressed further left (Wilpert 07). In other words he rejected both far left ideologies such as communism or Marxism-Leninism and moderate ideologies such as social democracy or the third way. However Chavez was aware of these different ideologies but did not consider being part of it. Hugo Chavez instead began t...
El Comandante! El Comandante! If you scream that in the streets of Venezuela, there is only one person you could possibly be referring to – Hugo Chávez. The current president of the South American country, Venezuela, has been in power for the past four years. His time in office has been criticized by most and glorified by some. He has had the backing of other countries such as Cuba, Colombia, Brazil, Libya and Iraq. On the other hand, the United States has had a continuous growth of confusion for Chávez’s actions. The leader’s intentions have been surrounded by a circle of uncertainty. Chávez’s life as president or even before those days has been far from interesting. Hugo Chávez has been a leader, a commander and a revolutionist.
... was not the best person on Earth, nor was he the worst person as portrayed in the news. The same type of repetition and emphasizing could have been done to portray Hugo Chavez as the greatest leader in the world. If Hugo Chavez actions and objectives were more publicize, then his representation in the media would not have been a evil dictator who is against the U.S, rather it would be man who wanted to help the poor and tried to find peace within nations. Stone states that “the changes that occurred in Venezuela reflect the true spirit of the country’s people. Venezuela was ranked 7.6 on a scale of 1 to 10, in the level of democracy. They placed their democracy higher than any other Latin American.” Stone, Scott, Boykoff, Sheehan, and Dwyer represent Hugo Chavez as a victim of media corruption, but a fighter for still succeeding while being targeted.
Karl Marx, author of The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital, was the originator of the political and economic theory of Scientific Socialism (modern Communism). Communism, by definition, is the complete control of major resources and the means of production by government, initially in the form of autocracy. In theory, under this system all would be equal; all would share in both work, according to their ability, and profit, according to need. According to Marx, the proletariat, or working class, would revolt against the bourgeoisie, or wealthy capitalist class, because of the stark contrast prevalent between the wealthy and poor. The new economy, run by and for the people, would produce not for profit, but for the needs of the people. Thus, abundance would rule. Marx further predicted this revolution would occur in Western Europe, the most industrialized and capitalist portion of the world.
Different customs and interests among populations, and the economic crisis that sparked the war, coupled with the lack of roads and means of communication, organization and good government prevented such extensive territory, Venezuelan people never felt Colombians.
From 1806 to 1826 most of the Latin countries under Spanish rule fought for their independence. The reason that caused these countries to have courage to fight for independence was because in 1808 Napoleon was able to invade and conquer Spain. Examples of those countries are Venezuela and Chile. There are similarities in the ways in which these two countries fought for their independence but there are also some differences in how they fought. Some of the leaders who were involved in the Venezuela’s fight for independence were Simon Bolivar, Francisco de Miranda and Antonio José de Sucre. The Venezuelan fight for independence against the Spanish empire began in 1811 and finally ended in 1823. The Venezuelan war was done in different phases, which began with Francisco de Miranda.
Opinions about the state of democratic governance in Venezuela during the government of President Hugo Chávez Frías have been polarized. Some critics come close to labeling it a dictatorship while others, his supporters, claim to be restoring a truly democratic regime to Venezuela. Venezuelan society is polarized along political lines and this climate does not help to consolidate liberal democracy. In such a context, it is easy to fall into simplistic, black and white views; however, it is important to seek a more gradual and balanced appreciation of the complex issues at play. There also should be an understanding of how Venezuelans themselves view the state of their democracy. Assessments of the functioning of democracy should also take into account historical and regional contexts.
Because of the poor education, health care and lack of resources Afro Venezuelans are still a minority, however because of their willingness and fight they are over coming many obstacles. Having a president be proud that he is of an afro descendant shows how far they have come and how far they are going in the future.
It’s been several years since Venezuelans complained about the economic and social problems the country faces every day. In January 2014 students started protesting about the criminality and violence that occurs every day. But it wasn’t until February 12th, where three people have been killed, that the protests became serious and were acknowledged worldwide. Maduro has been in power for 11 months since Chavez’s death, and these protests are the biggest he has ever had to face. These protests are being held between the officials, which are the government and its military forces, and the opposition, which are the students lead by Leopoldo Lopez. Being the opposition leader, Leopold Lopez was accounted for organizing all the protests that have recently taken place in Venezuela. Indeed, he has been arrested with charges of terrorism and murder; however, these charges have been changed to conspiracy counts and government threat. What it started as a peaceful protest of students demanding more security and economic stability in Venezuela became to be a massacre of innocent young people fighting for a peaceful environment. The opposition and outsiders are blaming the officials and former president Maduro for the protests whereas the government is blaming the opposition for starting the riots and the United States for destabilizing Venezuela’s government. When the protests started, Venezuela caught three US diplomats and accused them of attempting to boycott the government. These, were immediately sent back to the United States. Obama says these accusations are false and that the government is pointing fingers to others instead of declaring their own faults.
"SOCY 151 - Lecture 12 - Marx's Theory of History." Open Yale Courses. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Mar. 2014.
Hugo Chavez was a powerful and positive force in addressing social issues, however, his singular focus on social issues at the expense of other matters of the country left the Venezuelan economy in tatters. In 1998, 50.4% of the Venezuelan population was living below the poverty line, where as in 2006 the numbers dropped to 36.3% (Chavez leaves). Although he aggressively confronted the issue of poverty in Venezuela, many other problems were worsened. Some Chavez critics say he used the state oil company like a piggy bank for projects: funding homes, and healthcare while neglecting oil infrastructure and production. Without growth in the oil ind...
Oil is a liquid and is used as a fuel for cars, electricity, heating etc. without oil we would not have cars to transportate us. It is located in different areas of the world. Oils and gases are found underground. Venezuela is ranks #1 with the largest oil reserves.