Do you ever wonder what would have happened if Hiroshima had never been bombed in World War II? What if the Cuban Missile Crisis had never existed? Try to imagine a world where a nuclear outbreak is was never a worry. This is what would happen if we did not have molybdenum. Molybdenum is used in many metal parts in technology, such as nuclear missiles. One component that makes this possible is that molybdenum is a refractory metal. Other refractory metals are tungsten, niobium, tantalum, and rhenium. These metals possess a number of characteristics concerning durability that no other metal possess. These characteristics allow molybdenum to be placed in environments normal metals would not function well. If molybdenum did not possess these …show more content…
In part, it is used for a third common control surface because of its low coefficient of thermal expansion. The coefficient of thermal expansion is how much a an object expands when exposed to heat. This is caused by vibrating atoms bouncing off of one another. What this does is cause the atoms to gradually move away from each other because of the kinetic energy. A low thermal expansion coefficient means a metal expands only a small amount (Nave, 2016, para. 1). Molybdenum has a low coefficient of thermal expansion . This is how far an object expands when exposed to high temperatures. What molybdenum can do is retain its original size in heat with only a small amount of growth. This means molybdenum can be a reliable material in metal parts to not expand in high temperatures (International Molybdenum Association [IMOA], 2013, p. 3). For example, molybdenum is used in the support vanes. Support vanes are the very back fins that control trajectory behind the nozzle, four in all pointed in. What support vanes do are move to deflect the gases coming out from the nozzle to dictate where the missile would fly. This means support vanes could not have a large expansion without hitting one another, not allowing them to rotate (Hwang & Sung, 2004, par. 1). Accordingly, molybdenum is an essential element to prevent expansion in Redstones. Redstones were Magic R 550 ballistic missiles made for combat …show more content…
These are used to further our missile industry. Our missiles use molybdenum is many of the parts. This element had characteristics that when combined, are very versatile and allow it to be used in many different kinds of products. These products turn into the missiles we know today. Missiles are important to us because they give different countries advantages and disadvantages based on what kind of technology their missiles have. This has drastically impacted war in our world. One advancement that would decrease the need for molybdenum would be solid-propellant. A solid propellant would reduce the need for molybdenum in the nozzles. There would no longer be liquid oxygen needing storage in a container that does not oxidize. Molybdenum could still be used, but it would’t be needed so other resources could be used. This paper did not cover things such as submarine-launched ballistic missiles. This would include different characteristics that would make them useful in water. These missiles are also used widely and are affected by
From its time of discovery in 1941 Plutonium has been both beneficial and detrimental to the human race. The isotope most detrimental is Plutonium-239 which has been used to create nuclear weapons. Plutonium-239 was used in the atomic bomb codenamed “Fat Man” that was dropped on Nagasaki during World War II. Normally a nuclear bomb uses 10 kilograms of Plutonium, but “Fat Man” used even less and still caused a lot of destruction. To put it in perspective again just 1 kilogram of Plutonium-239 causes an explosion equal to that of 20,000 tons of TNT. The way Plutonium-239 works in an atomic bomb is it is controlled by explosives until it goes critical and cause a fission chain reaction. When this happens all the energy is released causing a nuclear
Plutonium, which is a byproduct of the fission process, can also be used for manufacturing weapons and only requires 2-10kg to develop weapons. The atom bomb that landed in Nagasaki contained plutonium fuel. Depleted uranium, which is the left over from the enrichment process, is used to make military grade armor piercing bullets. These DU penetrators have been used in wars throughout history, the most recent being the Gulf wars. This is a disadvantage because the depleted uranium is toxic and has been scientifically proven to cause birth defects, cancer, and death where it was used.
"Federation of American Scientists :: Types of Chemical Weapons." Federation of American Scientists. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 May 2010.
Since man’s first experiences with fire we have longed to control it and we wished to will it to do our bidding. For very long we failed mostly, and we still do sometimes, but with the trials and experiments we have done and died doing, we succeed now, mostly. The first formula that is still written down of an “explosive or pyrotechnic composition” are the three examples of gunpowder in the 1044A.D. Chinese military guide Wujing Zongyao which showed a few uses of this powder they had experimented with for near a hundred years. The most used formula from it was approximately 50% KNO3, also known as Saltpeter in those times, and formally called Potassium nitrate today, ~25% S, Sulfur, and ~25% carbonaceous matter (mostly charcoal and compounds mixed with impure sulfur); the other formulas move the percentages for the KNO3 around 10-15%, S 5-10%, and carbonaceous 7-20% to adjust burn rates and usefulness in certain situations. The likely only reason gunpowder was ever invented was the Chinese’s wish to live long, and their many mixtures of elixirs, which was what gunpowder was intended to be used as (more-pyrotechnics.com). “Within 200 years China had several crude weapons, mostly huge iron or alternative metal barrels and maybe a wooden grip but with no aiming attachment. They also had very many types of fireworks using no telling how many formulae for devices ranging in size, color, and purpose. People in Europe hear of this powder and its power, and then slowly find out more“(more-pyrotechnics.com). Then by 300 years they had better arsenals, larger cannons that actually worked well, and better, lighter barrels. The Indians and Islamic nations have made use of this by now, neither surpassing China’s previous ones nor Europe’s futu...
Catalyst support must have a certain properties in order to enhance the catalytic activity. Thus in order to choose the most suitable support material it must have the certain physical and chemical properties. Among the properties are the catalyst support must be stable under reaction and regeneration condition, have high porosity for the mass and heat transport to be efficient and allow easy diffusion in and out , possess large surface area to increase the activity and distribution of the active components, ability to sustain and retain mechanical stability at high temperatures to prevent abrasion and increase durability of the catalyst on the support, possess high heat capacity and thermal conductivity in order to prevent the heat of adsorption igniting the powdered metal, and must be inert but reactive material.
It is a strong acid. Its crystal structure is body centered cubic. Over 2/3 of all molybdenum is used in alloys.
Nuclear weapons continue to present a real threat to humanity and other life on Earth. Scholars of international relations and policymakers share in the belief that the sheer power and destructiveness of nuclear weapons prevent them from being used by friends and foes alike. Then the real question becomes; what is the need for nuclear weapons? Nuclear weapons are defined as, volatile device that originates its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission or a combination of fission and fusion. Both reactions release massive amounts of energy from fairly small amounts of matter. Nuclear weapons have greatly changed the way war is fought. Along with these more dominant weapons come ways to control and countermeasure such power. Nuclear weapons have changed the way the world thinks about war. The development of nuclear weapons started rather innocently as a physical wonder but has become a basis of constant fear among many nations.
...nt. This innovation also leads to the possibility of never fully understanding the nuclear weapon. The second is reducing the environmental burden. This will help in longer causing long term inhabitable locations. The third is designing warheads that can be safely manufactured. This allows the lives of scientists and other workers to not be endangered during the production of warheads. (pg. 16-30).
Cerium controls the shape of inclusions and improves toughness in high-strength, low-alloy steels; it deoxidizes steels.
Neodymium is used in almost anything powered by electricity. When fused together with Iron and Boron, it is one of the most powerful magnets in the world. These magnets are used to create electricity in wind turbine engines, cause vibrations in a phone, accurately reproduce sound and base, computers, medical equipment, toys, and motors (“Neodymium.” Chemicool). When Neodymium is not put with Iron and Boron it is most commonly used as crystals in lasers for laser hair removal, treat skin cancer, or weld steel (“Neodymiu...
Uranium was discovered by Martin Heinrich Klaproth, a German chemist, in the mineral pitchblende (primarily a mix of uranium oxides) in 1789.Klaproth, as well as the rest of the scientific community, believed that the substance he extracted from pitchblende was pure uranium, it was actually uranium dioxide (UO2). After noticing that 'pure' uranium reacted oddly with uranium tetrachloride (UCl4), Radioactivity was first discovered in 1896 when Antoine Henri Becquerel, a French physicist, detected it from a sample of uranium. Today, uranium is obtained from uranium ores such as pitchblende, uraninite , carnotite and autunite as well as from phosphate rock , lignite (brown coal) and monazite sand . Since there is little demand for uranium metal, uranium is usually sold in the form of sodium diuranate , also known as yellow cake, or triuranium octoxide).
Carbon Carbon is one of the basic elements of matter (Bush 1230-1231). The name carbon comes from the Latin word "carbo" meaning charcoal. Carbon is the sixth most abundant element (Gangson). More than 1,000,000 compounds are made from carbon (Carbon (C)). "The Element Carbon is defined as a naturally abundant non-metallic element that occurs in many inorganic and in all organic compounds, exists freely as graphite and diamond and as a constituent of coal, limestone, and petroleum, and is capable of chemical self-bonding to form an enormous number of chemically, biologically, and commercially important molecules.
However, most metals in their natural states are less than the desired choice for the jobs they are required to do. For example, iron, although it is an incredibly strong metal in its natural form, it is delicate and rusts quite quickly in damp air. So to enhance the properties of the metal they are combined with other substances to create an alloy, which are often used instead of pure metals to generate a more durable product.
...oves mach-inability and perfect grain size. Their main purpose is to make further processing operations easier or possible. Bainite, pearlite and ferrite formed through annealing.
The oil refinery converts crude oil into valuable products and supplies. These products are made and sent to many countries abroad, in which are transported on land or along rivers and canals. Crude oil is then arranged and categorized into segments by fractional distillation. Raw crude oil, or unprocessed crude oil, is not normally beneficial in most industrial applications. Low sulfur crude oil has been valuable as a burner fuel to construct steam for the force of seagoing vessels. The lighter elements have the ability to construct explosive and dangerous vapors in the gas tanks. There are extremely hazardous, and are often used in war ships. The remaining hydrocarbon molecules are filtered from crude oil and used towards lubricants, feedstock, plastics, and fuels.