Title: Introduction
Author: Antonia Darder and Rodolfo D. Torres
The introduction to this book attempts to synthesize the overall issues and themes of the articles included within the book. All these issues focus on Latinos and their struggles within society. The authors of this book have a desire to shed light on the following concepts: the increase in the Latinos demographic, the poverty and inequality faced by Latinos, the issues regarding education and the continual pressure placed on Latinos to assimilate. The introduction serves as a gateway for all the articles that follow since it breaks down all the topics that will be discussed and it discusses the themes in each section.
Open-ended question: Will the increasing number of Latinos
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In hopes of becoming a powerful country, the U. S. decided to obtain resources from Mexico that would benefit America and simultaneously gained control over Mexicans. This control resulted in limitations for Mexicans who live and migrate to America. This type of power creates a racial structure to prevent Mexicans from growing in America. This structure also consists of forcing Latinos to assimilate, which is also another concept discussed in the article, referred to as the “Mexican Problem.” Mexicans are seen as individuals, who ‘lacked leadership, discipline and organization…’ (Gonzalez 31). This stereotype labeled Mexicans as lazy individuals who choose to remain part of the working poor when in reality society does not create a beneficial structure that helps Mexicans succeed. As stated in the article, “’The Mexican Problem’ only covered up the core issues, the racial domination that established the relations between the Mexican community and the dominant society” (Gonzalez 32). The stereotype created was and continues to be useful when attempting to shift blame from society onto the individuals in the …show more content…
One of the things discussed within the article states that Puerto Ricans had a clear mindset on where they belonged, which was back in their homeland and therefore refused to assimilate and become “Americanized”. The whole concept of the article is to analysis why Puerto Ricans are the way they are in terms of politics. One interesting quote from the article states, ‘identity politics was a way of achieving representation and a means to negotiate individual and group benefits…’(Melendez 52). This quote is stating that Puerto Ricans used their identity as a means of conducting politics in order to find ways that would be most beneficial for them and at the same time promote stability for all Puerto Ricans. However, there is a misconception created by individuals who think that Puerto Ricans had it easier and were more likely to progress in the United States just because they had the ability to access their island. At the same time, others questioned why many Puerto Ricans resisted assimilation. The phrase “The Puerto Rican exception” refers to Puerto Ricans who refuse to assimilate and maintain their political views despite living in the United
Americans have pursued negative stereotypes specifically with Hispanics as a way to give Latinos a racial value that separates them from Americans. This results in Latino Americans feeling like they aren’t “American enough” and they aren’t welcomed in their own country. A lot of the stereotypes that are given to Hispanics are mainly negative and meant to give a name for a whole ethnicity. A very common
The Latino Generation: Voices of the New America is a book written by Mario T. Garcia. This book tells the individual life stories of individual Latino Americans all attending the same class at University of California, Santa Barbra. The book discloses stories and events told by 13 students each who narrate from first person and give us a brief description of their life. The book is composed of 13 sections with an additional introduction and conclusion (Garcia, Kindle). Within this reflection I will describe the key points within this book and compare the stories within this book not only to each other, but also to additional stories of Latino Americans and how Garcia’s book rids the general public of misconception of Latinos.
The Latino Threat is a concept of an imposing threat of the Latino, whether they be from Mexico or any other Latin country, and how they affect the U.S. and its citizens. This concept is described heavily Leo R. Chavez’ book aptly titled The Latino Threat. In the book, he describes how the Latino threat as a concept has been used routinely to underline the aspect of United States citizenship in a tit for tat manner; that being dehumanizing the Latino to raise the standing of U.S. citizenship. The U.S. as a nation believes it should feel better about itself because it is the one that turns people away rather than being the place where people run from. Over the history of America this isolationist views on illegal immigrants has waned and contrast
Harvest of the Empire is a valuable tool to gaining a better understanding of Latinos. This book helps people understand how varied Latino’s in the United States are. The author also helped give insight as to how Americans reacts to differences within itself. It does this by giving a description of the struggles that every Latino immigrant faced entering the United States. These points of emphasis of the book were explained thoroughly in the identification of the key points, the explanation of the intersection of race, ethnicity, and class, in addition to the overall evaluation of the book.
Los Angeles was the place to find work if laboring was all you knew. Not speaking a word of English, but able to labor in the fields of California's various crops, Mexican immigrants flocked to Los Angeles. Los Angeles quickly became a Mecca for Mexicans wishing to partake of the American dream establishing themselves and creating families. The American dream, however, became just a dream as harsh unequal assessments by white Americans placed Mexican-Americans at the bottom of the social, economic, and political ladders. Whites believed that Mexican immigrants and Mexican-Americans had no place in their society: a place shared by many minorities (Del Castillo 7). Mexican immigrants and Mexican Americans in Los Angeles were at a great disadvantage despite their great numbers. No representation existed for the minorities.
Gonzalez, Juan. Harvest of Empire a History of Latinos in America. New York: Penguin Putnam Inc, 2000.
Since the 1960’s, Latino communities have experienced the implicit and explicit effects of racism through various social institutio...
Immigration has always been an issue in the United States, which is often portrayed as harmful and as major threat to American culture. As a result, various anti immigration policies have been aimed against immigrants in order to prevent and preserve the miscegenation of American culture, such as English only policies. Among the largest minority groups in the U.S, are Latinos who currently compose of 15% of the U.S population (Delgado and Stefancic 3). Unfortunately, Latinos have been accused of taking American benefits, jobs, and have wrongfully been depicted as a result of not assimilating to American culture. Latinos are often accused of resisting assimilation, but what has failed to be acknowledged is that there are obstacles set in place that are preventing Latinos from completely assimilating. Among those greatest obstacles there is discrimination. Institutional as well as individual discrimination have prevented many Latinos from feeling a sense of belonging. As a result Latinos have been reluctant to assimilate. Another major component is proximity. Many Latinos are native to nearby countries which allows for easy communication with family members as well as their culture. Moreover, it also allows for a constant influx of immigrants that replenish and preserve Latino cultures and traditions in the U.S. Lastly, Latino movements are working diligently to promote unity among communities for the purpose of creating a sense of identity and pride amongst Latinos, such as the Chicano movement.
When we hear discussions or read articles about drug wars, killings, and illegal immigration into the United States, many of us immediately think of Mexico. As a nation, Mexico is a much greater country than these commonly referred to issues. Mexico is a country with a broad history, deep family culture, and an economy fueled by oil and tourism. The United States Department of State (USDS) offers a broad range of information on countries outside the US, including Mexico. I found a wealth of information about Mexico through the USDS Background Note provided on their website located at www.state.gov. I will outline for you the key information found in this report, and others, related to the Mexican economy, culture, and more.
Latinos have struggled to discover their place inside of a white America for too many years. Past stereotypes and across racism they have fought to belong. Still America is unwilling to open her arms to them. Instead she demands assimilation. With her pot full of stew she asks, "What flavor will you add to this brew?" Some question, some rebel, and others climb in. I argue that it is not the Latino who willingly agreed to partake in this stew. It is America who forced her ideals upon them through mass media and stale history. However her effort has failed, for they have refused to melt.
In order to understand the current situation of Puerto Ricans one must look at their history and retrace the sequence of events that led to the current formation of the Puerto Rican people. An important component of this history is the time Puerto Rico spent under Spanish rule. Studying this portion of Puerto Rican history forces us to acknowledge the contribution the Spaniards, European immigrants, and African slaves had on Puerto Rican identity as we consider it today. This also addresses contemporary debates on Puerto Rican identity. An example of this is evident in an essay written by Jose Luis Gonzales entitled "Puerto Rico : Th Four Storied Country". In the article Gonzales points out what he feels is a disregard toward the African contribution to the Puerto Rican identity. He argues that the first Puerto Ricans were black , based on his interpretation that Africans were the first group to come to Puerto Rico and reproduce who did not have ties to a "motherland" because they were slaves. This is unlike the Spaniard elites and Criolles that demonstrated their commitment and loyalty to Spain. Since they had no other place to go, Puerto Rico was their motherland. Gonzalez also points out that the culture of a region is always the culture of the elite, not the popular culture.
As people immigrated to the United States, legally and illegally, particularly Hispanic workers, they began to look for jobs to provide for their families. They took jobs that Americans did not want: they accepted the low-paying, physically-demanding, and temporal agriculture jobs. Since many did not speak English and were uneducated, some even illiterate, they were easy targets for farm owners to exploit. Immigrant workers were often not paid, had low wages, and because of such conditions, some even died. In addition, they also lived and worked in appalling conditions, some workplaces did not even have suitab...
Mexican immigrants in the United States are willing to work hard and long hours throughout the day regardless of the amount of sleep or rest they may get. Conversely, this is not how Efren Mendoza, a public city bus driver, views Mexicans and he believes they are not motivated to achieve things in life. One would assume that he would understand how difficult it is for immigrants to assimilate in a new foreign country without knowing anyone or anything here, but he is not on their side and it is somewhat hypocritical of him because he himself is Mexican. It is as though Efren sees his own people as invisible individuals because he does not acknowledge all their hard work and sacrifices they may have gone through in order to arrive in the United States. He further proves his insincerity when he mentions that the “new wetbacks [are] picky about what jobs they’ll do [and that they] half-ass [the] work” that they are given to do (77).
Similarly, discrimination has been a form of hate against Latinos because of their color and because most people don’t really know the reason why immigrants come to America. The U.S. has benefited from immigration but it has also affected the U.S in some form. The U.S. has tried to stop people from coming into the country but some people like immigrants because we only come to work and get an education. Some people think that the United States is becoming a Hispanic nation (Ramos, 187). While racism remains a problem in America, it can be reduced or eliminated through effective laws and by stopping the Latino wave (Ramos, XVII) that has come to the United States. However, they can also stop it by actually accepting immigrants into the country. The U.S. discriminates Latinos without knowing the real reason why immigrants came into this country illegally.
Mexican workers are usually the most economically and politically oppressed out of most ethnic categories. As stated in earlier responses, since the expansion of capitalism and industrialization, Mexican workers were preferred to work the low wage, high demanding jobs. Currently, this is often still the case. Due to their immigrant status and their lack of documentation, it is easy to take advantage of Mexican immigrants because they produce cheap labor and can easily be replaced. Even since the late 1900s, Mexican workers were discriminated by being paid less than whites. In fact, Mexican workers were left in low wage positions for a lengthy period of time. Even after President Roosevelt had established an anti-discrimination