The Kimmeridge Clay in Dorset

The prospect is most likely one of gas and not oil. A plausible source rock for this reservoir is the Dingo Claystone which is known to generate both gas and oil in the area but mainly gas (Parry, 1988). A seal is created by the Muderong Shale member of the Cretaceous (West Barrow).

Clastic sedimentary rocks vary in size of particles from fine particles to courser particles, for instance from siltstone, sand stone to conglomerates which is formed by the compaction of large pebbles. Non- clastic sedimentary rocks , this the type of sedimentary rocks formed of newly created mineral matt... ... middle of paper ... ...trary to non-clastic sedimentary rocks which are less denser for instance dolomite and anhydrite. Non-clastic sedimentary rocks especially organically formed sedimentary rocks are responsible for forming crude oil and gas after millions of years where as Clastic sedimentary rocks form inorganic substances such as rocks including silt stone , sand stone , clay stone and conglomerate. However the two types of sedimentary rocks are all important to the nature. for instance clastic rocks provide building material like sand , Organically sedimentary formed rocks provided fuel such as coal, petroleum and natural gas .Also chemically formed sedimentary rocks provide rocks salt after precipitation .

Introduction Shale rock, is a sedimentary rock composed of mixture flakes of clay and silt sized other mineral. Process of shale formation is called compaction. Shale oil, is an unconventional oil.it is produced by various processes like thermal dissolution, hydrogenation etc. Shale gas, is natural gas that is extracted from shale formations. China is estimated to have the world's largest shale gas reserves.

Bitumen that has been mined are very viscous, so a diluent solvent such as naphtha or other low molecular weight hydrocarbons is required to extract the bitumen from the oil sand slurry 2. The resulting by-products from the extraction processes, which contained a mixture of process water, sand, clays, unrecovered bitumen and diluent solvent, are pumped into settling basins (Camp 1977; MacKinnon 1989). For every 4 m3 of tailing wastes, 1 m3 extraction of oil sands is being produced 3. The tailings mainly consist of about 45% water and 55% solids (Penner 2006). The unrecovered bitumen accounts for approximately 0.5% of the tailings (Penner 2006).

Bentonite is a clay composed mainly of smectite minerals. The three major uses of bentonite in 1992 were drilling mud, foundry sand, and iron ore pelletizing. Common clay and shale contain mixtures of differing proportions of clay, including illite, chlorite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite, plus other nonclay materials. The largest user of these clays is the structural clay products industry, which manufactures brick, drain tile, sewer pipe, conduit tile, glazed tile, and terra cotta. Fire clays can withstand very high temperatures and consist mainly of kaolinite.

The first condition form leaching to occur is the availability of rocks containing minerals of which the undesired ones insoluble under surface. Tropical and sub-tropical climatic conditions are most suitable conditions for chemical decay of those mineral found in-situ. A long continued crustal stability is essential for elements to accumulate and the deposit may be conserved by the topographical relief. For iron ores, under these conditions a limestone formation with minor iron oxides will slowly be dissolved leaving the insoluble iron oxides as a residue, which is sufficient thick to make a workable deposit. According to (Robb, 2005), Residual deposits form in two

In formation of petroleum hydrocarbon: Major constituents (nearly 70%); normal, branched and cycloalkanes are present; alkylbenzenes found in lower boiling fractions; higher boiling fractions contain polynuclear aromatics like naphthalenes; terpenes are present to a minor extent and account for the high specific rotations of petroleum distillates. Sulphur containing compounds: In formation of petroleum, present as org...

Both the upper and lower members within the Bakken Formation are black shales (Jiang, 2001). The black shales in the upper and lower members formed offshore in anoxic condtinos. The shales in the upper and lower members of the Bakken Formation are composed of hard silicous and pyritic components (Webster, 1984). These members are also fissile and non calcareous and contain numerous amounts of conodonts and oth... ... middle of paper ... ...f Petroleum Engineers, DOI: 10.2118/90697-MS. Julie A. LeFever, Carole D. Martiniuk, Edward F.R. Dancsok, Paul A. Mahnic, 2013, Petroleum Potential of the Middle Member, Bakken Formation, Williston Basin, Sixth International Williston Basin Symposium, p. 74-88.

Limestone, which can also be called chalk, is formed from seashells. It mostly contains calcium carbonate as seashells are made from calcium carbonate. It is usually white or grey in colour. The original shells are mainly crushed down how some fossilised shells can still be found in limestone. Mudstone, which is also known as shale, is formed from mud.

Most of these rings cannot be dated exactly, but it is known that they are from the Neolithic period. In southern England the Neolithic period begins around the time of the first farming communities in 4000 B.C. to the time of the development of bronze technology around 2000 B.C., by that time the construction of major monuments was mostly over. Because of the scarcity of the archaeological record at the stone rings, any attempts to explain the functions of the structures are guesses. Most attempts tend to reflect the cultural relatedness of their times.