The Comedy of Chaucer's Fabliaux

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In a significant number of his tales Chaucer uses the comic genre of fabliaux, which are short, typically anti-intellectual, indecent tales of bourgeois or low life. The plot usually involves an older husband who is cuckholded by a younger man whom (often) the older man has himself brought into the house, and his often younger wife. The Miller, the Reve, the Merchant and the Wife of Bath all tell tales which are essentially amoral - in fitting with the genre; tales which would not have been acceptable had they been written in an aristocratic setting, but which were accepted as suitable depictions of lower class life. Furthermore, the women in these tales (with except to the Wife of Bath) are portrayed as goals to be attained or as sexual territories to be conquered, rather than equal and respected partners in marriage. Fabliau tales were once viewed as a lower class genre, but it is now accepted that they are aristocratic burlesques, contemptuously holding the lower classes up to amusement and coarse mockery through their demeaning portrayal of peasant life and peasant women.

Just as the audience enjoy a fantasy of superhuman qualities as shown by Palamon and Arcite in The Knight's Tale, so does Chaucer present the audience with a fantasy of the subhuman, exemplified in the characters of Nicholas, Absolon in the Miller's Tale, John and Aleyn in the Reeve's Tale and Damian in the Merchant's Tale. Chaucer ensures that these fabliau men demonstrate that they are not governed by any secular or religious morals, only by the satisfaction of their appetite. They sink to levels that courtly lovers such as Palamon and Arcite, although not perfect themselves, would not stoop to: Nicholas in the Miller's Tale sticks his "ers" out o...

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... the Merchant's Tale is a knight yet still falls fatally victim to the cunning of a woman. Thus, through the tales' demeaning caricatures of peasant life and their vicious misogyny, Chaucer creates a common understanding between himself and his audience that the will for satisfaction of appetite and personal gratification - for example the will of the male characters to pursue the objects of their desire whatever the cost - is universally and ubiquitously stronger than idealistic secular or religious values.

Bibliography:

The Riverside Chaucer, Chaucer (edited by Anthony Burgess)

A New Introduction to Chaucer, D. Brewer (Longman)

The Canterbury Tales, D. Pearsall (George Allen & Unwin)

Chaucer's Approach to Gender in the Canterbury Tales, A. Laskaya (Brewer)

Chaucer and the Making of English Poetry, Volume 11, P. M. Kean (Routledge & Kegan Paul)

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