CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:
Street hawking is probably the most risky kind of trading in the whole world. Street hawking is one form of child labour, which is on the increase in many cities in Nigeria. This has been attributed to poverty, poor economic situations of many families, importantly, many families, do not have the means to secure or rent authorized places to hawk their trading items such as drinks, pure water, snacks, fruits, clothes etc. Street hawking is a negation of the international convention on the right of the child. (Nseabasi & Oluwabamide 2010). It is indeed inhuman for anyone to engage a child in money making venture, denying a child basic education which is a right for every child. (Umar 2009)
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The quest to get rich propels young boys and girls into doing lots of things they are not supposed to do all in the pursuit of livelihood. Crosson (2008) was of the opinion that there is a link between parent’s marginal income and the importance of sending their children to work so as to supplement family income. Street hawking endangers the health of children, disturb their education and also deprive them of their right to happy childhood. It has been observed that street hawking is highly detrimental to children’s physical, mental, psychological and social …show more content…
Children who grow up in intact, two-parent family with both biological parents present do better on a wide range of outcomes with the support of both parents than children who grow up in a single parent family. Some singe parents who are widows or divorced would not have income to cater for their children hereby making their children indulge into
Wetchler and Hecker (2015) identified larger contexts surrounding family units, including both social and physical environment, as having a large potential impact. With little education amongst the family, much of their income is either made from illegal activity, jobs that they may not want to do (exotic dancing, prostitution), or low-paying wages. The environment that encompasses offers few escapes from this reality, and has a strong effect on the family system. One example of this would be younger sibling Karl’s awareness of his and his family’s socioeconomic status, and being drawn into the thrill and quick money of dealing
This film chose to focus on very young people struggling to survive in poverty. All three of the boys are younger than 18 years old and thus are in an important developmental stage. The film gives us a view into the effects of a disadvantaged upbringing on a child’s development. These three boys grew up in situations defined by poverty and familial dysfunction and for two of them, the after effects are clear. Harley has severe anger issues and is unable to function at school. Appachey lashes out uncontrollably and has multiple diagnosed behavioral disorders. Both boys have had run-ins with the law and dealings with the juvenile court system. This solidifies the argument espoused in Marmot’s The Health Gap that children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds face significant developmental challenges. The evidence suggests that children who grow up in poverty have cognitive and developmental delays and suffer from greater risk of mental and behavioral disorders. As shown in the film, Harley and Appachey both suffer from extreme behavioral and cognitive deficits and exhibit the corresponding poor scholastic and societal performance which will serve to further negatively affect their
When a child is growing up he is frequently asked what he is going to do for money when he gets older. The more this question is asked to them, the more they feel like they have to have money to be happy in life. After many tries of trying to make a stable life at a low paying job, a criminal life maybe more appealing to them at they may start living life under the gun. As stated by William Wilson in When Work Disappears, “Neighborhoods plagued by high levels of joblessness are more likely to experience low levels of social organization, they go hand in hand.” In Chicago for instance, in 1990 there was only one in three in the twelve ghetto communities that had held a job in a typical workweek of the year. When there are high rates of joblessness bigger problems surface such as violent crime, gang violence, and drug trafficking. (Wilson P356-362)
Two-parent families consist of a mother and father living in a home with dependent children. The family may consist of a biological mother and father or a step-parent. In two-parent families found little or no negative effects. Researchers suggest that children from two parent families are less likely to have social issues. Children raised in two-parent homes are more likely to complete high school and attend college. Cho, Lee, and Kuchner (2007) found that students raised in two parent homes demonstrate better behavior, have less absences and tardies and have much higher grade point averages. Researchers suggest that children from two parent homes have better grades and achieve academically as well as socially because the parents have more time to devote to the upbringing of the children oppose to single parents.
in Two-Parent Families. In M.E. Lamb (Ed.). The role of the father in child development
In conclusion I stand against the kind of child labour such as in Bangladesh which. Selling of kids to Big factories is immoral. On the other hand I do support the example set in Egypt and the family work units. They do more good than bad to the economy and save the government a lot of welfare money.
poor”( Papalia et al. 295). Thousands of children around the United States sit on street corners
Does a child need both parents? Does a young boy need a father figure around? Does the government provide help for single parents? What role do step-parents and step-siblings play? With much speculation, this topic has become a very intriguing argument.
A child needs both of their parents’ love and affection while growing up. A child that grows up with both has a higher chance of being a more stable person. However, not all children have this luxury; some children are born into dysfunctional families that consist of only one parent like the children in the Wingfield family. “A study of 1,977 children age 3 and older living with a residential father or father figure found that children living with married biological parents had significantly fewer externalizing behavioral problems than children living with at least one non-biological parent” (Consequences of Fatherlessness). The absent parent in the Wingfield family affected everyone in the family, not only the children. The absent father,
Schlemmer, B. and L'Institute de Recherche pour le Developpement, 2000. The Exploited Children. London : Zed.
3. Single Parents’ Kids Do as well in School As Those in Two-Parent Homes: Infotrac.. October 25, 1999.Online. .
An estimation of 1.2 million children are trafficked each year into exploitative work according to the International Labour Organization (ILO).17
The family structure has a made a significant change over the years. It is often believed that a child being raised in a single parent house will most likely grow up and not attend college. People believe that a child from a two-parent. This is often true, but there are some children who are raised by single parents who do not fit this trend. One challenge that a single parent house faces are the mother can find this a struggle because lack of financial support or the child growing up without a father, lacks emotional support. While this may be true sometimes, there are some children who can possibly take this challenge and use it. For example, the child could be more mature, more independent and learn to take care of them. Also, some children
“Stolen people, stolen dream” is the brutality faced by numerous, vulnerable, gullible children in the black market around the world even in the admirable United States. Trafficking of children is the modern day slavery, the act of recruiting, harboring, transporting, providing, or obtaining a person for compelled labor or commercial sex acts through the use of force, fraud, or coercion. More than ever, it has become a lucrative method that is trending in the underground economy. A pimp can profit up to $150,000 per children from age 4-12 every year, as reported by the UNICEF. Also, according to the International Labor Organization statistics, “There are 20.9 million victim of human trafficking globally, with hundreds of thousands in the United
According to UNICEF, there are an estimated one hundred and fifty eight million children aged five to fourteen in child labour worldwide. Millions of children are engaged in dangerous situations or conditions, such as working in mines, working with chemicals and pesticides in agriculture or working with dangerous machinery. They are everywhere but invisible, working as domestic servants in homes, labouring behind the walls of workshops, hidden from view in plantations. If there is nothing wrong with child labour, then why is the exploitation so secret? Do you ever wonder when you go into certain shops how a handmade t-shirt can be so cheap? Or on the other hand, products which are sold to us at extremely high prices and we assume...