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Study of cultural anthropology quizlet
Study of cultural anthropology quizlet
Study of cultural anthropology quizlet
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The negotiation for survival for the women of Mumbai is a tough one if not started from a position of respectability and honor at the top of the caste system. In Svati Shah’s cultural and anthropological analysis of sex, work, and migration titled “Street Corner Secrets,” she examines the practice of sexual commerce as an “income-generating” strategy that “low-income urban migrants,” especially women, use to survive and feed their families in the city of Mumbai. In doing so, she gains an ethnographic understanding of how these poor women, who move from rural areas in the countryside to the city, find ways of performing agency and selfhood in an otherwise male-dominated world that functions on a system of being born into privilege as well as location. As she recounts her experiences and interactions with the people of Mumbai, both male and female from varying classes of the caste system, she makes the argument that despite it’s stigmatized history and reputation, sexual commerce and the spaces that it operates in can serve as possible points of resistance for those who are disadvantaged by where and what class they were born into. …show more content…
This is because human trafficking, unlike migration, is central and has always been central to the maintenance of the slave trade now and in the past. The women who make the conscious decision to relocate to the city of Mumbai and choose sex work as their alternative strategy to generate income and the tools necessary for survival are the ones who are performing a discursive act of resistance against the British colonial branding of sex work as common, lowly, and
The third person omniscient point of view in The Street by Ann Petry helps show Lutie Johnson’s feeling of victimization. A parasitic relation is revealed between herself and the setting. Lutie Johnson’s perception and relationship with the urban environment is established through extremely vivid imagery and personification.
Social reproduction is the reproduction of cultural, human, and social capital in society. Therefore languages, traditions, cultural values, education, food security, and social circles are passed down from one generation to the next through Karl Mannheim’s concept of “fresh contact” and through society as a whole. Social reproduction is effective when social structures and equality within society are maintained. Inequality, poverty, and social changes that force society to adapt can impede the process of social reproduction causing what is known as a “crisis in social reproduction” (Wells, 2009). Born into Brothels demonstrates a crisis of social reproduction that negatively impacts the lives of children living in Sonagachi as a result of globalization, neoliberal policies, poverty, lack of adequate education and social structures to pass down capital, and the stigma of prostitution. Additionally, it shows the need for children to make economic contributions to their families that prevent them from leaving the brothel.
As soon as they arrive, they are sold into the prostitution industry and sent them to the brothel to do their ‘job’. Many girls, even as young as four are forced to sell their bodies to please men. They are forced to dress revealingly to fulfil the desires of immoral, iniquitous and inhuman men. Their bodies are labelled with a price and treated like a commodity. Every part of them is violated by those men who pay just to own them for 45 minutes and when they refuse, gun would be pointed at their heads. They would be locked up in a room, kicked around vigorously and whipped until they are covered with blood. Therefore, they have no choice but to pull through sexual abuse to pay off their debts bondage to the point where they lose self- worth, the confidence to look in the mirror, and the purpose to live. Shandra Woworuntu, one of the sex trafficking survivor, shared that it was excruciatingly exhausting to last a whole day with only plain rice soup and prickles as their source of energy. The mental and physical struggle that they have to go through is utterly
Kara, Siddharth. Sex Trafficking: Inside the Business of Modern Slavery. New York: Columbia UP, 2009. 5. Print.
There are a ton of women and young children being trafficked as sex slaves all around the world mostly in areas like Thailand or Central Asia. There are 1.5 million sex slaves today; most of them are in Asia, while the remaining is in Thailand. I am going to analyze the many different people and organizations that hold women from their will by forcing them onto the streets....
Over 2 million children are sold into sex trafficking each year (Global). Sold gives the eye-opening narrative of just one of them. I followed Lakshmi through her journey as she learned about life outside her small hometown in Nepal. She loved her mother and baby brother and worked hard to keep up with her repulsive step-father’s gambling habit. When given the opportunity to take a job that could provide for her family, Lakshmi accepted the offer. Unknowingly, she walked into the hands of horrible people who led her blindly on the path of prostitution. Discovering her fate, Lakshmi latched onto hope when all seemed bleak. After months of endless abuse, some Americans gave her the opportunity to escape her situation, and, thankfully, she took
Many who do not know about the consequences of being sold and the kind of life they have to live afterwards, send their daughters off to strangers, or sometimes even marry them off with the hope of getting rid of the chronic poverty that has been bringing them down to their knees, unknowing of the severity of atrocities they sent in their children for. After succeeding in alluring and convincing the heads in the family, the traffickers trade women to various places including city of Mumbai in India and sometimes to the Middle East, also. People have a perception that there are well paying jobs available in the Middle East, therefore, a lot of them get enthused about being employed overseas and become willing to take almost any risk to secure a job in the Middle Eastern labor market (Paul, Kanti and Hasnath). All their hopes turn into despair when they are made to face with the bitter reality of the purpose they were brought in for. Some are sold to certain red-light areas for sexual exploitation, and some are turned into domestic servants or circus entertainers, while others are made to work as child soldiers.
Sex trafficking is a world wide epidemic. It targets unknowing victims such as women and children enslaving them and exploiting their innocence. Human trafficking is becoming one of the biggest money making organized crimes in the world. The sex trade is one of the most profitable of all current slave trades. Through the age, gender, class, and race many are trapped in a never-ending cycle of coercion and abuse in order to survive in the corrupt society around them. In order to stop this monstrosity in the world, we need to start at the root of the problem. We must bridge the barriers between gender, class, and race in order to respect one another and live in harmony
Even though I have not provided all of the details of the plot of the movie in great detail due to paper length constraints, the film has dramatically expressed these issues in an informative way that has captivated me throughout the whole film. The film has shown the emotional and physical struggles that these women and children face when sold off into human trafficking, from Lakshmi, but to show the accuracy this film portrayed, let's take a look at other reported incidences from other reputable news sources. Prisha, a volunteer interviewee from Asia times presents her story from her experience in the sex trade. Like Lakshmi, Prisha has also been sent to a red light district in New Delhi, where she too has thought that her worries are over as she was wrongfully told she would make a lot of money. Similarly, like Lakshmi, she too was born into a broken family, where lack of money has made things worse, thus making her vulnerable to this
An article released by the BBC entitled “Horrors of India’s Brothels Documented” brought this shocking global issue to my attention. The article provides information about a young Indian girl who was only 11 when she was sold into sex slavery by her neighbor (who had persuaded her family to let her go with him to Mumbai); she was taken from her impoverished village in West Bangel. Brutally raped the first night she arrived in a brothel, Guddi is only one of 20,000 sex workers in that specific area [Kamathipura] (2013). The article elaborates on the history of sex slavery in India. It points out that laws have recently been put into place against human trafficking. However, the laws are not being strongly enforced due to the sheer number of the cases. Human trafficking is like a plague that is spread throughout the world, and India is one of the hardest hit places. This paper will elaborate on the reasons this condition exists in India, and explain the connections that India has with the rest of the world that stem from this issue.
Mark Liechty's article The Carnal Economies: The Commodification of Food and Sex in Katmandu, Nepal focuses on commercialization that characterize the recent development of prostitution and public eating in Kathmandu. Based on field research, Liechty’s argues that class has increasingly come to be the framing paradigm for many urban people in Kathmandu, encompassing (though by no means eliminating) the social valence of caste. This new urban middle-class has emerged based on Kathmandu culture shift in commensality, as transactions in food and sex. Commensality and endogamy, food and sex have gone a long way in determining the boundaries and purity of caste between groups. As well, recent rise of public meat, and alcohol consumption and sexual services by patrons in Kathmandu have solidified and confirmed male authority in the new market-driven class culture. This response paper will look at how food and sex have played important roles in displacing caste to class relations, the emerging new middle class, the rise of public eating in Katmandu, and gender division.
However, partly due to their biological sexual difference and the socio-cultural surroundings to which they belong, the consequences of these above mentioned social evils are much more on women, especially subaltern women. Giving voice to such oppressed subalterns, the gendered subaltern (women of the deprived sections) and Indian women in general, Gayatri Chakvarty Spivak says: “For if, in the context of colonial production, the subaltern has no history and cannot speak, the subaltern as female is even more deeply in shadow.” During her analysis of Sati she concludes her essay “can the subaltern” with her declaration that “the subaltern cannot speak” (Ashcroft, Griffths, and Tiffins 218-219).
Gairola, Rahul. “Burning with Shame: Desire and South Asian Patriarchy, from Gayatri Spivak’s ‘Can the Subaltern Speak?’ to Deepa Mehta’s Fire.” Comparative Literature 54:4 (Fall 2002). 307-324. EBSCOhost.
On the news and all over the world you hear the term human trafficking. What exactly is human trafficking? “Human trafficking is essentially modern-day slave trading, which ensnares millions of people in debt bondage or forced conditions.” (Siddharth).As many know today human trafficking has become a phenomenon all over the country. Human Trafficking is a global activity where women and young girls are being traded and used as sexual exploitation. As Siddharth stated that human trafficking is slowly becoming one of the most involved criminal activities all over the world. Two causes and two effects on how strongly our human beings are encouraged to take action.
“The exchange of sexual favors between partners within a relationship for money is just one of the various ways of expressing and carrying out human sexuality”. Prostitution is the oldest profession in the world and it has helped several women to earn a living for themselves and their families from times immemorial. Prostitution typically refers to a wide variety of sex-for-payment arrangements. There are several countries having long and descriptive histories of this activity. India is one of those countries. From the Rigveda, it is found that there were women who were common to several men and were known as courtesans or prostitutes. Back in the era of kingdoms, the concubines were also granted regal status. However, scenario