There are three methods of source control that are directed in limiting the planting and manufacturing of illegal drugs in foreign countries. They are crop eradication, control of precursor chemicals, and the U.S. certification process. Crop eradication focuses on the reduction of agricultural output of opium poppies, coca plants, and marijuana from their respective countries of origin. The eradication of the crops is done both manually and through the use of herbicides that kill the plants. The theory is that by decreasing the cultivation for the manufacturing of the illicit drugs, it in return causes the drugs to be more expensive, thereby reducing the level of drug use. Despite the theory, growers have found ways around the crop eradication, so the method proved to be successful for a limited period (Levinthal, 2012). …show more content…
Precursor chemicals are the materials that are used in the manufacturing of illegal drugs. Not including cannabis, all illicit drugs require some form of modification of the natural product before the final drug itself is produced. The precursor chemicals are monitored by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), by tracking shipments of known precursor chemicals entering the U.S. Operation Purple, is one program imposed to aid in the reduction of the illegal manufacture of cocaine in South America. Also, they also regulate shipments of acetic anhydride, which is mostly used in the processing of heroin and ephedrine, the chemical used in the production of methamphetamine. The difficulties with this method are that the precursor chemicals are often transported by way of third-party countries to disguise the purpose and intended destination (Levinthal,
Approximately given 80 to 90 million Americans have tried an illicit drug at least which once in their lives; marijuana alone is tried for the first time by about 6,400 Americans everyday. Furthermore, illicit drugs seem to be relatively easy to attain- in for 1999, 90 percent said which this about marijuana, also 44 percent about cocaine and finally 32 percent about heroin. Yearly, for which 35 million dollars is given just to control illicit drug trafficking. Moreover, over 400,000 of drug offenders caught are in jail, of which, some 130,000 are which for possession. Not for only are these statistics a international obvious embarrassment but because for these quantities which have been growing throughout history, we can only assume that they will get worse. We can already begin to for imagine the costs of these numbers which is it not already clear that we need for to find an alternative approach to this
Humans have an incredible capability for thinking and memory. We can remember events from our past, for our future, and of things that have no relative meaning to ourselves. These memories can be traced back to different systems of our brains through a process of encoding, storage, and retrieval. As part of the retrieval process, memories can be remembered with or without their sources. As research has found, our memories are not labeled or tagged with their origin (Johnson, Hashtroudi, & Lindsay 1993). Because of this, our memory has developed a process called source monitoring. This is how we link our memories to the source that they developed from, usually using specific characteristics and general knowledge of the memory. For example, source monitoring includes identifying who told you something, whether or not you saw an event in real life, the time of the event and whether you told something to your friend or only thought about telling it. The source-monitoring framework for the process involved in pinpointing the origin of information by Johnson and colleagues, explains both vertical and distorted memory with a common set of principles. First, a specific memory consists of specific characteristics including spatial, temporal, and perceptual details. Secondly, the memories can differ in characteristics that can be used to find the origin. More extensive source monitoring can involve beliefs about memory and cognition as well as retrieving more information from memory and finding the source of the memory given these beliefs, other specific characteristics or general knowledge (Johnson et al. 1993). Sometimes these beliefs aren't always accurate. Because some people may be influenced by their personal ideologies during retriev...
Github is a way for people to share open source code. It is a powerful and sophisticated repository web-system for developing software projects. It uses “Git revision control” system. It offers both paid plans for private repositories and free accounts for open source projects [1]. GitHub was the most popular and famous code repository site for the open source projects. GIT is developed by Linus Torvald. Before going in the core explanation of GitHub it’s better to describe the term “version control” system. It can be a designer or a person who works with code or the developer. They all have few multiple common tasks as:
Is Prohibition (defined as a government decree against the exchange of a good or service) actually successful in reducing recreational drug consumption and drug-related violence? This is the question that will be analyzed in this paper. Drug enforcement officials frequently cite drug-related violence as a reason that drugs must be eliminated from our society. A contrary belief is that the system of drug prohibition actually causes most of the violence. Similar to alcohol prohibition in the 1920s and the rise of organized crime, drug prohibition inspires a dangerous underground market that manifests itself with violent crime throughout the U.S. and, in fact, the world. The illegal nature of drugs has significantly increased the price and the
Drug trafficking has been a massive concern between the borders of Mexico and the U.S. “since mid 1970s” (Wyler, 1). Drug trafficking is “knowingly being in possession, manufacturing, selling, purchasing, or delivering an illegal, controlled substance” (LaMance, 1). A dynamic relationship exists amongst Columbia, Mexico, and the U.S. the informal drug trafficking economy. This growing informal drug economy leads to many individuals creating a substantial living through this undercover market. These individual drug cartels monopolizing the trafficking market are a growing problem for the U.S economy and need to be located and controlled. If this trafficking continues, the U.S. informal economy will crush the growth of legal industries. The trafficking and abuse of drugs in the U.S. affects nearly all aspects of consumer life. Drug trafficking remains a growing issue and concern to the U.S. government. The U.S. border control must find a way to work with Mexico to overpower the individuals who contribute to the drug trafficking business. This market must be seized and these individuals must be stopped.
Concerned authorities have focused essentially on criminalization and punishment, to find remedies to the ever-increasing prevalent drug problem. In the name of drug reducing policies, authorities endorse more corrective and expensive drug control methods and officials approve stricter new drug war policies, violating numerous human rights. Regardless of or perhaps because of these efforts, UN agencies estimate the annual revenue generated by the illegal drug industry at $US400 billion, or the equivalent of roughly eight per cent of total international trade (Riley 1998). This trade has increased organized/unorganized crime, corrupted authorities and police officials, raised violence, disrupted economic markets, increased risk of diseases an...
In 1995, the US began to fund aerial eradication campaigns in Colombia. Military planes dumped pesticides over thousands of acres of coca fields. These campaigns turned out to be counterproductive, leading to an actual increase in the amount of coca acreage. The spraying of coca only led Colombian growers to diversify their techniques, growing coca amongst other crops or in locations that were hard to identify by radar techniques. In 2002, the CI...
Drug trafficking is a prohibited, global trade that involves the production, the distribution, and the sales of drugs. It is a topic that has become a very large issue all over the world. It also has had a very big effect on many different countries because they often depend on the business that the drug trafficking creates. Since it has become such a problem, there have been many different efforts to put a stop to drug trafficking by different enforcement agencies. A website about drug statistics, drugabuse.net, indicated that the Drug Enforcement Agency or DEA, as it is well known as, makes over thirty thousand arrests each year dealing with the illegal sales or distribution of drugs. It is also believed that Mexico’s economy would shrink by over sixty-three percent if they lost their drug trafficking industry. There are many different tribulations like this that drug trafficking has created. Many people see it as such a vital asset to some countries, so it has emerged as an extremely big business that brings in a boatload of money. Just like any other immense problem, drug trafficking has its causes and effects
In the anti-drug material that was being distributed by the American government (mainly through the provocation of Harry Anslinger, chief of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics 1930-1962 (Anti Narcotic Campaigns)) there were implications that various drugs were coming from different regions of the world with the either purposeful or nonpurposeful intent of corrupting the social order of the United States, or even the political system and the stability of the nation at that time. Some even went as far as to say “of all the plagues visited upon our land, drug addiction is by far the most horrible and the most deadly… It is inconceivable that the greed of two or three countries should be permitted to corrupt and destroy the civilization of the world” (Anti Narcotic Campaigns). This only furthered the policymaker’s and public’s belief into the idea that drugs and also alcohol needed to be seriously controlled. It would turn out, “controlled” would go on to mean
"National Drug Threat Assessment Summary." Welcome to the United States Department of Justice. U.S. Department of Justice Drug Enforcement Administration. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. .
To begin with, reducing the supply of illegal drugs for traffickers is essential and also crucial. In order to lessen the supply of illicit drugs, we must first understand that there is a hierarchal structure or as one would call a chain of command with the suppliers. With any drug, you have the people who create it and then you have what is called the “pushers”, those who sell the drug on the streets. To weaken the supply chain, governments can locate the
Source code is the lifeblood of all high tech software organizations. If it falls into the wrong hands, a company will very likely experience damagingly costly repercussions. As a result, most tech companies invest a relatively large chunk of their revenues into network security.
The prohibitionist national policy towards drugs in U.S has been extremely contentious in the present times. After decades of the stance that costs billions how many each year, the paltry achievements and the countless negative externalities have led to a clamor for alternative policies instead of a “War on Drugs”.
This failure is due in large part, Benson and Rasmussen explain, to drug entrepreneurs’ adoption of new production techniques, new products, and new marketing strategies in response to greater law enforcement. Their “innovations” include lengthening the drug distribution chain and using younger drug pushers and runners (to reduce the risk of arrest and punishment), increasing domestic drug production (to avoid the risk of seizure at the border), smuggling into the country less marijuana and more cocaine (which is harder to detect), development of “crack” cocaine (a low-cost substitute for higher priced powdered cocaine and for marijuana, which the drug war made harder to obtain), and development of drugs with greater potency (because they are less bulky and because punishment is based on a drug’s weight, not its potency).
"Illegal Drugs in America: A Modern History." DEA Museum & Visitors Center. Web. 14 Dec. 2010.