6.1 Introduction
The basic goal of the software development process is to produce software that has no errors or very few errors.In a software development project, errors can be introduced at any stage duringdevelopment.To ensure quality of the final delivered software, these defectswill have to be removed.Testing is the most commonly used technique for detecting defects, and performs a very critical role for ensuring quality.
Testing is a quality control activity which focuses on identifying defects errors can be introduced at any stage during development.The testing process for a project consists of three high-level tasks which are test planning, test case design, and test execution.
In this chapter, we discuss software testing fundamentals
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Thestandard contains 20 requirements that must be present for an effective quality assurancesystem. The requirements described by ISO 9001 deals with the topics such as managementresponsibility, quality system, contract review, design control, document and datacontrol, product identification and traceability, process control, inspection and testing,corrective and preventive action, control of quality records, internal quality audits,training, servicing, and statistical techniques. In order for a software organization tobecome registered to ISO 9001, it must establish policies and procedures to addresseach of the requirements just explained and then be able to demonstratethat these policies and procedures are being followed.
The ISO 9004 series provide guidance for quality management, i.e. for the design, implementation and improvement of a quality system. A quality system is a set of ‘organizational structures, procedures, processes and resources needed to implement quality management’. A major purpose of quality management is to improve quality systems so that continuous quality improvements can be achieved. The standards are based on the assumption that all work is accomplished by a process. Accordingly, quality management means managing all processes in an
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Careful selection of test cases that satisfy the criterion and approach specified is essential for proper testing
Guidelines for writing test cases
1. Test Cases need to be simple and transparent:
Create test cases that are as simple as possible. They must be clear and concise as the author of test case may not execute them.
Use assertive language like go to home page, enter data, click on this and so on. This makes the understanding the test steps easy and test execution faster.
2. Create Test Case with End User in Mind
Ultimate goal of any software project is to create test cases that meets customer requirements and is easy to use and operate. A tester must create test cases keeping in mind the end user perspective
3. Avoid test case repetition.
Do not repeat test cases. If a test case is needed for executing some other test case, call the test case by its test case id in the pre-condition column
4. Do not assume
Do not assume functionality and features of your software application while preparing test case. Stick to the Specification Documents.
5. Ensure 100% Coverage
Make sure you write test cases to check all software requirements mentioned in the specification document. Use Traceability Matrix to ensure no functions/conditions is left
ISO 9001 is a quality management standard that helps a company or an organisation to continually monitor quality across all operations. As an internationally recognised quality standard, it outlines ways to achieve, as well as
Develop a test strategy for testing the entire application chosen in unit 3 for analysis and design. Keep in mind that testing that involves users should minimize their time commitment while obtaining essential information from their involvement. Specifically define roles, responsibilities, timing, and test strategy for each level of testing.
The project is going I am working is almost in the finish stage it is going into the production phase means getting to the live so that the users can able to use the application. After the developing the total code it will go to the testing phase where the testers will check the code is working properly without any errors actually the testers task is to check the code and submit to the developers if they found any errors or mistakes or else they will send the code to the production phase to deploy in the server to check the application.
During unit testing, each module is unit tested to determine the correct working of all the individual modules. It involves testing each module in isolation as this is the most efficient way to debug the errors identified at this stage. So it is always a good idea to test a module in isolation from other modules.
1. State why it is a good idea to test a module in isolation from other modules and why different modules making up a software product are almost never integrated simultaneously?
Initiating a test case involves establishing new legal rights or principles. After this, the decisions reason in the test case then sets precedent for future cases.
Finally, a Requirement Specification document is created which serves the purpose of guideline for the next phase of the model.
To make sure it is a fair test; the procedure is repeated a couple of
GES’s R. H. Sapat COE, Department of Computer Engineering, 2015-2016 42Mobile Optimized Search Crawler 8.3 Test procedure In computer programming, unit testing is a software testing method by which individual units of source code, sets of one or more computer program modules together with asso- ciated control data, usage procedures, and operating procedures are tested to determine if they are fit for use. Unit tests are typically written and run by software developers to ensure that code meets its design and behaves as intended. 8.3.1 Software to be tested
There are many solutions to these problems, but none of them are easily implemented. Each area of testing should be heavily modified. In math, for example, there is a str...
Testing must be performed on a pre-established schedule and will be executed under supervision of the qualified individual to validate the sampling; besides, must be implemented by third party testing services, and the Instruments used for analysis should be calibrated in accordance with established procedures.
... testing team validates structured and unstructured data of large volume. Obtaining timely and meaningful information is difficult, if not possible, often hampering decision making and in many cases the cost of obtaining information is prohibitive. Organizations faced with this situation must fully realize the benefits of a big data initiative, create an effective test strategy and appropriate test environment as part of their overall validation strategy.
Even though Total Quality Management (TQM) has been replaced by other quality methodologies in many cases, organizations that have taken the long arduous journey to properly implement TQM benefited from it immensely [1]. While TQM may be perceived by many employees as just another passing fad that will soon fall by the wayside, the environmental conditions that exist within the organization will determine if TQM can be successfully implemented and take root. What is Total Quality Management (TQM)? TQM is a system of continuous improvement of work processes to enhance the organization’s ability to deliver high-quality products or services in a cost-effective manner [2].
Software development follows a specific life cycle that starts with designing a solution to a problem and implementing it. Software testing is part of this software life cycle that involves verifying if each unit implemented meets the specifications of the design. Even with careful testing of hundreds or thousands of variables and code statements, users of software find bugs. “Software testing is arguably the least understood part of the development process” and is also a “time-consuming process that requires technical sophistication and proper planning” (Whittaker 71) It is important to comprehend this concept by understanding the different characteristics and aspects of software testing, and then to examine the techniques, procedures and tools used to apply this concept. This will enable the user to realize the problems faced by software testers and the importance of software testing.
It is known as ISO 9000 family and the ISO 9001 is the one which is concerned about the requirement of the QMS. Of course, that creates the needs for understanding these standards in order to get the certificate from the organization which is authorized by the ISO. That also creates the need for the training which is very important for companies to implement the QMS. The standards have been developed the course of the quality history from needing a quality control to a quality assurance. Basically, implementing a Quality Management System is important for companies to succeed in today’s market, and will enhance customer satisfaction, and improve internal process. It becomes more and more a necessity for international companies because it saves a lot of money in one hand and time in the other. Nevertheless, implementing such system requires an effort, training, and using consultant companies to ease the establishment of the system and to get the certificate eventually.