As the article mentioned, Freud used an example of the ancient city of Rome to illustrate the similarities between the brain and the city, namely if something has once been created, it will never disappear, they are always existing in different forms in a certain extent. What Freud’s assumption said about the brain is that all memories and events have been preserved in our brain. But those events happened in the past itself has disappeared, replaced by the character that affected by the events and the way you think when facing a problem. And it could influence people last whole life. Or those memories translated in a sensory form such as images, sound and taste etc. and still preserved in one’s mind. Once you are in a given circumstance, you
In Sigmund Freud’s Civilization and Its Discontents and Primo Levi’s Survival in Auschwitz, both authors explore the source of human violence and aggression. Sigmund Freud’s book reacts to the state of Europe after World War I, while Primo Levi’s narrative is a first-hand account of his experiences during World War II. International and domestic tensions are high when both works are written; Sigmund Freud adopts a pessimistic tone throughout the work, while Primo Levi evolves from a despairing approach to a more optimistic view during his time at Auschwitz. To Sigmund Freud, savagery comes from the natural state of human beings, while Primo Levi infers violence is rooted in individual’s humanity being stripped away is.
After reading this week’s readings, I decide to focus my attention on Freud’s Civilization and Its Discontents, and to briefly touch on pragmatic views. I can see the similarities between the two, were religion, philosophy and science all intertwines, as it relates to finding truth or should I say truth as it relates to achieving certain goals in order to support social values and needs. The implications that what is true, may not necessarily be true, and that any and all knowledge that contributes to human values, can be interpreted as truth. Pragmatists contend that most philosophical topics should be viewed in terms of their practical uses and successes and that knowledge can be evaluated from the goals that this knowledge is able to support
examine Freud's claim in his own terms, as well as in the light of the
Sigmund Freud believed that he “occupies a special place in the history of psychoanalysis and marks a turning point, it was with it that analysis took the step from being a psychotherapeutic procedure to being in depth-psychology” (Jones). Psychoanalysis is a theory or therapy to decode the puzzle of neurotic disorders like hysteria. During the therapy sessions, the patients would talk about their dreams. Freud would analyze not only the manifest content (what the dreamer remembers) of the dreams, but the disguise that caused the repressions of the idea. During our dreams, the decision making part of personality’s defenses are lowered allowing some of the repressed material to become more aware in a distorted form. He distinguished between
He took a toll of countless operations over a span of sixteen years, and unfortunately passed on in 1938 after emigrating to London (2). Despite this tragedy, Freud’s work remains in place today. Coming from a Jewish background, there is no doubt that finding work and fitting in were problems in his life he had to overcome, but he did not let these factors deter him from achieving success. Freud stands today as a role model for everyone willing to bring about new ideas that might not sit well in today’s society but need to be addressed. During his time, his ideas and theories about the mind were critically rejected but Freud did not just give up. He kept producing new theories and new ways to understand how the mind works and behaves, despite the criticism he got. Sigmund Freud’s life shows that by taking that leap to express one’s own ideas, it can reap great success and eventually inspiring
Freud believed that the mind was made up of three individual things (The ID, the ego and the superego) everyday these parts would develop and will form that individual’s personality, these parts would learn of the individual’s childhood events and experiences.
The psychodynamic approach lends itself to being a controversial yet highly influential theory in the history of psychology. The theory has become one of the most significant psychological approaches and its originator, Sigmund Freud, has become a major influence in modern psychology. The psychodynamic approach largely focuses on motivation and past experiences which develop and individual’s personality. Freud used the iceberg metaphor to outline the three states of consciousness and argued that only twenty percent of the mind represents the conscious. In addition he theorised that there was a pre-conscious mind which represents general memory. Finally, the unconscious mind which is essentially the reservoir of repressed or hidden experiences and desire.
In his book Civilization and it’s Discontents, Sigmund Freud makes the assertion that virtuous people suffer more than vicious people. He argues that this happens because virtuous people feel guilty when they fail to meet rules and because they are usually taken advantage of by vicious people. I will attempt to show that Freud is correct and the good do suffer more. For the most part, humans will act according to their nature which is simply a cost/benefit analysis.
The methods he used to obtain his information and data raised questions by other scientists. His research on children was lacking, as was his use of empirical studies, his research was male-dominated and also lacked universality. The theory of the id, ego and superego develops from birth into childhood therefore the use of case studies on adults and the lack of empirical study does not seem feasible enough to have developed this theory. First of all there is no guarantee that the memories of these adults on their childhood would be accurate, there was not any factual, re-testable data so it lacked reliability and validity secondly each case and person’s experience is different and therefore cannot be use to determine the development of an entire population. Freud’s theory was further biased due to him overlooking social and environmental aspects, which prevent universality; he was a European man who researched other upper middle class Europeans whose everyday living and circumstances differed greatly from others in
The psychodynamic theory focuses on the unconscious mind. Freud’s credence is that different mental forces operate in the mind. The unconscious mind can be described as being like an iceberg. The tip of the iceberg represents the part of the mind that is conscious, everyday thoughts. The iceberg just below the water’s surface represents the pre conscious, thoughts and information that can be retrieved easily. And finally the base of the iceberg is the unconscious part of the mind where fears, traumas and bad experiences are contained, almost impossible to retrieve.
Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856, in Freiberg, Moravia, a small town in Austro-Hungarian. His parents were Amalia and Jacob Freud. His father was an industrious wool merchant with a happy and witty personality. His mother was a cheerful and vivacious woman. He was one of nine siblings. He was the first-born child of Amali and Jacob; however, two male siblings where from his father’s first marriage. When he was a young boy, his family moved to Vienna where he lived most of his life. At the age of twenty-six, he fell madly in love with Martha Bernays when she was visiting one of his sisters. Shortly thereafter, they married and had six children of their own three boys and three girls. His children describe him as a loving and compassionate man.
Human rationality has been brought into question as wars, in past centuries, have reached magnitudes never experienced before. The Enlightenment (18th century), which occurred in Europe, expanded scientific and philosophical thought shaping the way one interprets the world, society and science today. Its impact has been tremendous, clear through its influence in the industrialization of the globe, as it has engendered various forms of technological advancements utilized within the work and economic sphere; especially within contemporary society. In the philosophical writing, “Civilization and its Discontents”, Sigmund Freud (father of psychology), uses this enlightenment-like thinking process, to uncover the reality of human purpose, instinct,
Ellen is a thirty-nine year old women currently in the throws of a midlife crisis. She claims to be seeking therapy due to general unhappiness and dissatisfaction with her life. Ranging from psychosomatic conditions to crying over trivial matters Ellen is not happy with her current situation. She was recommended by her doctor to a psychotherapist. Created by Sigmund Freud, the origins of psychotherapy stem from the belief that there are certain forces that cause human behavior, feelings, emotions and their ability to relate to early life experiences.
Freud originally attempted to explain the workings of the mind in terms of physiology and neurology ...(but)... quite early on in his treatment of patients with neurological disorders, Freud realised that symptoms which had no organic or bodily basis could imitate the real thing and that they were as real for the patient as if they had been neurologically caused. So he began to search for psychological explanations of these symptoms and ways of treating them.
Freud substituted the systems of the topographic model with the three agencies of the structural model when it became evident that defenses were unconsc...