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Causes of scientific misconduct and grant fraud
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There is no doubt that our world is not a perfect world. Crime, disease, and poverty are among some of the biggest issues that prevent the world from becoming a consistent peaceful and prosperous environment. Of course, there are many things we, the people, do to try and create a perfect world, all one step at a time. One of these things is taking issues, analyzing the issue, and figuring out ways to solve them; or as it is called today, research. Without research, such things like vaccines, cell phones, the internet, or even the bills and laws that keep our nation together today wouldn’t have ever been made possible. Now, with that being said, research certainly takes a lot of time, but it also takes a good amount of financing as well. Millions and even billions of dollars are used by research groups each year in order to finance the scientific experiments, analytical projects, and statistical studies that allow for research groups to study and discover new ways to improve modern society.
Now where does all this money come from you might ask? Well, through government taxes and donations from public and private groups, millions of dollars in grants and donations are awarded to multiple research institutions across the nation each year, allowing them to sufficiently finance their studies and projects that will presumably benefit society each year (NIH). One of the biggest and main funders of nationwide research is the National Institute of Health, or NIH. Every year the NIH shells out hundreds of millions of dollars to federal and private research groups around the nation. Last year alone, the NIH provided just over thirty billion dollars in donations and grants to hundreds of research groups and areas, as shown here.(Chart P...
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... Over the years, scientific misconduct and grant fraud have been an increasing problem among public and private research institutions all over the world. With billions of dollars, young careers, and the advancement of medical knowledge and technology on the line, we must be able to trust these researchers to use the grant money for the benefit of everyone, and not for themselves. Everybody wants to see the world grow in a positive manners and see out the solutions to issues that keep the world from becoming a consistent peaceful environment. Funding research will always be an important aspect in making such a dream happen, and hopefully as research and technology takes the world closer to peace, the researchers making that happen will become aware of their actions and how they affect the integrity of not only their craft, but the integrity of the world as well.
Research is a systematic inquiry that uses disciplined methods to answer questions and solve problems. The ultimate goal of research is to gain knowledge that would be useful to many people. The Tuskegee study was initially started to study the effects of untreated Syphilis for about six to nine months, followed by treatment phase which gained public interest and outcry from public which led to actions initiated by US federal. The knowledge and information gathered from the study was very small compared to the risk that the men and their family endured. The participants and the families got compensated after a lawsuit was filed, but the physical, emotional and mental damaged caused cannot be
Angell, Marcia. "The Ethics of Clinical Research in the Third World." New England Journal of Medicine. 337.12 847-849. Web. 9 Feb. 2014.
EFFECTS OF MEDICAL RESEARCH ON HEALTH CARE AND THE ECONOMY, By: Herbert Pardes, Kenneth G. Manton, Eric S. Lander, H. Dennis Tolley, Arthur D. Ullian, Hans Palmer, 01-01-99, Academic Search Premier
...ing even more slowly is research that would involve a cure or possibly vaccines to the most deadly or most taxing of ailments. If the medical community could stop being so eager to dismiss their colleges research before reviewing all the facts then maybe research could move forward to cures then children would not have to die of cancer anymore or another family would not have to bear the anguish of caring for a family member severe mental illness or disability. Death may never be remedied but suffering may.
Society seems to be divided between the idea if science is more harmful than helpful. We live in a world where humans depend on science and technology to improve important aspects of society, such as medical machinery, which supports the fact that science is more of a friend than a foe. Science is advancing every day. The United States has come a long way with its ongoing developments, giving individuals a chance to improve society as a whole. Not only does the United States benefit from such growth, but every modernized country does so as well. Through science and technology, individuals learn from past endeavors and apply it to present and future projects, paving the way for new discoveries and efficient enhancements
The morals of a modern society entails protections for all species of life. Humans do not have the nature to not inflict harm on innocent animals around the world.Animal research is unjust and neglectful to species in every animal kingdom.The animal kingdom has been disturbed since men step foot on this earth. Some people are so selfish that the only thing that look over is about their own selves and not other humans or living things in this world. Animal rights is a big thing to some people and to others it not this paper talks about how it's cruel to research on animals, how research doesn't improve health,and how it's not regulated.
...vate sponsor as a partner in order to receive equal funds from government. This has set a trend of ‘public-private partnerships’ which put objectivity and research integrity at risk (Whistleblowers: Defending Academic Freedom, 2013). The duty of universities, to seek truth, is entirely different from duty of pharmaceutical companies; which is to make money for their shareholders (Lewis et al., 2001, pg. 783). The dynamic pursuit of self- interest by private economic entities has become one of the greatest causes of moral problems in the public sphere (Willbern, 1984, pg.104). Research institutions being reliant on private funds feel hopeless while tailoring the research results according to corporate wishes (Whistleblowers: Defending Academic Freedom, 2013).
Competition is often useful as a means of motivation. However, in the scientific world, competition has the potential to cause many scientists to forget their main purpose in research. The main goal of scientific research is to develop knowledge that will better society. When scientists work together to help each other reach a common goal, science is working as it should.
People on the other side of this argument would disagree and say the government should not fund research, should not regulate pesticides sold, and would say not to educate people on honey bees. The government has been known to give out money to things that are not important; in the article “The American Dream”, Michael Snyder writes that the United States gave $1.5 million into research on why one third of lesbians are more over weight than gay males.
According to Best College Reviews, an authoritative and editorially independent college review journal, schools like Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of California in Los Angles, and Johns Hopkins University are the top three universities that contribute the most to scientific research. UCLA alone has “over 350 research labs, centers, and institutes, 290 of which are medical centers, and over 1,800 inventions have come from this research powerhouse.” These schools, along with others, are helping to find cures for huge issues like cancer, and the more donations they receive, the closer these schools come to finding a cure. Colleges live from donations, especially the science departments, which is a department that every university has; contrary to the common belief, money is not the only thing that can be donated to universities to help them prosper. Universities are limited to testing their research on animals. Although the anatomy of certain animals is similar to that of a human’s, animal organs are not as great as human organs when it comes to testing certain cures for certain diseases, and it is also a very controversial topic on its own. Additionally, animal testing is very costly. The animals need to be fed, which requires purchasing food, they need to be kept in an
Recent progress in medical research has shown several other methods that are not only cost effective, but save the lives of countless animals. On average the United States spends around sixteen billion dollars annually out of our pockets, the taxpayers, to fund animal testing. The National Institute of Health sets aside 40% of its budget for animal testing. From their budget in 2010, 40% was over sixteen billion dollars. Several universities also fund animal testing to “benefit student research”. The University of Wisconsin - Madison put in a total of 3 million dollars for fighting experiments on mice. Harvard University used a total of sixteen million dollars for drug addiction experiments on monkeys that were inconclusive. These tests have all been done countless times. Why are the government and universities pouring more and more money into something that will not give us any answers? When you combine the cost of the facility, the cost to buy all the primates, and the cost for the drugs to test, it adds up to far too much. Putting taxpayers dollars into something that will eventually benefit the medical field, like more effective ways to test new drugs and cosmetics, will get us farther than killing innocent
There are many ways to gather information and learn about a new subject and some of those ways are cruel, inhumane, and plain torturous. There is no hiding the fact that there are unethical experiments happening everyday all throughout the world, but there is also no hiding the fact that some unethical experiments have helped researchers and scientists significantly. Everyone’s who acts on these unethical experiments have the goal to be able to understand the world and how everything fits and works well together. The lab rats or test subjects pay a price of pain and can even lead to death all for nothing because, more than likely, there is a better, more ethical, way of finding the same information. There are many different opinions on these
The history of medical research in the twentieth century provides abundant evidence which shows how easy it is to exploit individuals, especially the sick, the weak, and the vulnerable, when the only moral guide for science is a naive utilitarian dedication to the greatest good for the greatest number. Locally administered internal review boards were thought to be a solution to the need for ethical safeguards to protect the human guinea pig. However, with problems surrounding informed consent, the differentiation between experimentation and treatment, and the new advances within medicine, internal review boards were found to be inadequate for the job. This led to the establishment of the National Bioethics Advisory Commission by President Bill Clinton in the hopes of setting clear ethical standards for human research.
As of 2013 data, the US per capita government expenditure was $4307 while total per capita expenditure on health spending was $9146, which is 17.1 percent of the GDP (2013) for the total expenditure on health. The annual rate of growth in per capita government spending on healthcare has been roughly 5.1 percent over the past thirty years (WHO, 2015). This rate of spending on health care growing faster than the economy for many years creates challenges ...
In modern society, governments in both developed and developing countries contribute financial resources to various forms of research and development (R&D). This type of investment assists society to function more effectively, because of inventions and innovations in many sectors, such as health, education, technology and science. In this way, social growth is encouraged at both a national and international level, which further supports improved business and commercial expansion. Based on this, it can be understood that government funding promotes scientific exploration of new ideas and processes that can advance the standard of living around the world. Therefore, it is argued that government funding for research benefits society. This will be examined with reference to the way government funding for medical research aids society, and scientific production on technology.