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The importance of being earnest as a satire
The importance of being earnest as a satire
Importance of being earnest as a social satire
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Satire in Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest
"The Importance of Being Earnest" is a play by Oscar Wilde, set in the
late 1800's. His actors are playing upper class citizens who are very
self-absorbed. The play is set amongst upper class, wealthy people.
They appear not to work and are concerned with their own pleasure.
Nothing is taken seriously except trivial things.
Firstly, Algernon Moncreiff talks about absurdly trivially nonsense
with a complete irrelevance, as when talking about the importance of
science, he asks, "Have you got the cucumber sandwiches".
When an intelligent conversation is taking place, the conversation has
completely altered, as he chooses to talk about sandwiches, whilst
remarking that he is, "speaking of the Science of Life".
Secondly, Algernon and Jack Worthing are worrying about the town and
the country. Algernon asks Jack why he is in the country, when, as
Jack would think, town is the 'in' and elite place to be.
Jack, says truthfully responding, "When one is in town one amuses
oneself. When one is in the country one amuses other people."
This idea is stupid as they just speak in a complicated manner. The
surprising thing is that they both understand each other!
In addition, both Jack and Algernon have made false characters. Jack
has "invented a very useful younger brother called Ernest" and
Algernon has "invented an invaluable permanent invalid called
Bunberry".
According to Jack, his name is not suitable for both the town and the
country. Algenon and Jack, therefore, live as they please, through
telling white lies.
Wilde is able to develop his humour because the plot is completely
ridiculous. Jack's position in the play is completely spontaneous.
He was "Found!" in "A Hand-bag?" in "The cloak-room at Victoria
Station?" by "The late Mr Thomas Cardew". Jack (or should I say
Ernest) "must get married at once" to Gwendolen.
Unfortunately, Lady Bracknell, the mother of Gwendolen, aunt of
Algernon, disagrees with the marriage after Jack fails her test of
becoming on her "list of eligible young men" for her daughter to
However, in the second act, it is revealed that he does not have a brother. Shockingly, it turns out Jack does have a brother and it is none other than Algernon! I am afraid that the news I have to give you will not altogether please you. You are the son of my poor sister, Mrs. Moncrieff, and consequently Algernon’s elder
The irony continues to explain how Jack and Algernon were biological brothers. They were pretending to be earlier to play out their game of Bunburyism. Jack had told everybody he had a brother in which was he used as his justification to leave his home in the country and visit his "brother" in the city. Algernon pretends to be Jack brother "Earnest" in order to win over Jack beautiful "niece" Cecily.
Oscar Wildes ‘The Importance of Being Earnest’’ is believed by many to be his most genius work and certainly has withstood the test of time. The play is set in London during the 1890’s in which time frame aristocracy and upper class held the majority of the countries wealth. Many of the comical aspects question the morals of the upper class in which he satirises throughout the play. One method of this, for instance is through one of the main protagonist, Algernon Moncrieff. Algernon is an upper class individual who is oblivious to the world around him in such an exaggerated manner that it makes his character comically adjusted for Wildes own views. Many aspects of the time period are made a mockery through puns and witty remarks from the main protagonists, most if not all are portrayed in a sense that makes them undoubtedly a laughing stock. Wildes methods are not discrete; nor are they obvious, many of the comical comments made are by none other than the protagonists themselves. This furthermore enforces the corrupted morals of the time periods prestigious upper class by showing their sheer inability to acknowledge hypocrisy. For example, in act one; Algernon states “ Lane's views on marriage seem somewhat lax. Really, if the lower orders don't set us a good example, what on earth is the use of them? They seem, as a class, to have absolutely no sense of moral responsibility.” This is especially amusing as Algernon believes that the lower class have a duty to set an example when in reality the matter of fact was quite the contrary. Algernon states that he believes the lower class are lacking in morals, he being arguably one of the most morally distorted characters Wilde created makes the double standards more prominent.
The Importance of Being Earnest is regarded as one of the most successful plays written by Oscar Wilde, a great 19th century playwright. Oscar Wilde deals with something unique about his contemporary age in this drama. It addresses Victorian social issues, French theatre, farce, social drama and melodrama. All these factors influenced the structure of the play in a large scale. This play is basically a Victorian satirical drama showcasing the social, political, economic and religious structural changes that affected 18th century England. It was the time when British Empire had captured most part of the world including Oscar Wilde’s homeland, Ireland. The aristocrats of England had become dominant over the middle and poor class people and Wilde wrote plays with the motivation to encourage people to think against the English aristocracy and artificiality.
Throughout The Importance of Being Earnest, Oscar Wilde plays around with the standard expectations along with the absence of compassion of a Victorian society in the 1890’s, he demonstrates this through several genres of comedy such as Melodrama, Comedy of Manners, Farce, dark humour and Irony, as well as portraying the themes, death and illness, in this play in a brilliance of unusual amount of references.
own stuffy Victorian world as Jack. While explaining his presence in town to Algy, Ernest states, “Oh,
Jack thinks it is utterly unromantic. Algernon says he will forget about romance when he is married. Though Algy doesn't know it yet when he sees Cecily he will shed this view. Jack feels that the view Algernon has, others do also and that is what causes the dissolution process to be born. Jack is generalizing his cynical view of unromantic people.
In conclusion, The Importance of Being Earnest strongly focuses on those of the upper class society and the vanity of the aristocrats who place emphasis on trivial matters concerning marriage. Both Algernon and Jack assume the identity of "Ernest" yet ironically, they both are beginning their marital lives based on deception and lies. Lady Bracknell represents the archetypal aristocrat who forces the concept of a marriage based on wealth or status rather than love. Through farce and exaggeration, Wilde satirically reveals the foolish and trivial matters that the upper class society looks upon as being important. As said earlier, a satiric piece usually has a didactic side to it. In this case, Lady Bracknell learns that the same person she was criticising is actually her own flesh and blood.
Two adolescent women who incorrectly consider the men’s names to be Ernest, and who are passionate about the men for this very reason think highly of both Jack and Algernon. In relating the story of mix-ups and mistaken identities, the ideals and manners of the Victorian society are satirized in a comedy where the characters "treat all the trivial things of life seriously and all the serious things of life with sincere and studied triviality"(Wilde, Oscar). Oscar Wilde’s amusing scenes often take their source in societal satire and unconventional (Baselga 15). All the way through his play, The Importance of Being Earnest, Oscar Wilde satirizes education, women, and morality.
...ngagement, their re-engagement. Cecily is not the natural country girl. She possesses the self-assurance of the experienced woman. Without being cynical she makes her desires clear. And when Gwendolen and Cecily discover that their Earnests are impostors whose names are Jack and Algernon they decide that love can be restored only if Jack and Algy christen themselves Earnest.
Throughout the late nineteenth century, Oscar Wilde wrote plays such as Lady Windermere’s Fan, A Woman of No Importance, An Ideal Husband, and The Importance of Being Earnest- his most famous play. Earnest is a comedic work that focuses on a pair of wealthy men. They have been leading double lives so that they can go off for periods of time and enjoy living without responsibility while still maintaining their aristocratic reputation. Because of Wilde’s invlovement in the aesthetic movement, it is not uncommon (or unfair) to believe that his work, Earnest included, is nothing more than fluff. That being said, it is also fair to argue that this particular play does have meaning in it. Wilde wrote The Importance of Being Earnest as a commentary on the hypocrisy of the ideal Victorian character. Earnestness is sincerity- which most Victorians believed themselves to be- and so Wilde uses the word ironically. In his eyes, people who considered themselves sincere were actually smug, self-righteous, and pompous. He expresses these opinions clearly through the play’s over-the-top and frustrating characters.
Hearn points out how “men” react to absence and this is exactly how Algernon feels when Cecily “challenges” him. Cornwall,
Jack is attempting to prove to Algernon that he is not a liar, ¨I'm not a bunburyist at all...¨ 124. Denying the fact that he has a made up brother that he used to get out of certain events, Jack is the definition of a bunburyist. He is taking advantage of his friend’s blindness to the situation to get unnecessary time away from them. Explaining to Lady Bracknell that he cannot attend her dinner party because. ¨… my poor friend Bunbury is very ill again. They seem to think I should be with him.¨ 127. The amount of times Algernon uses his ill, imposure brother bunburying, goes to show how selfish he is. Putting his own personal needs before making an effort to meet with his family. They only see their family when it is beneficial and convenient for
Although Jack and Algernon are completely different kinds of people, they both hold strong ties with each other. Jack and Algernon both live double lives through nonexistent characters named Ernest and Bunbury. They are always searching for pleasure in their lives. For example when Algernon asks, “How are you, my dear Ernest? What brings you up to town?” Jack replies “Oh, pleasure, pleasure! What else should one bring anywhere”(Wilde 1427)? Algernon also states “My duty as a gentleman has never interfered with my pleasures”(Wilde 1456). Nothing gets in the way of these men pursuing their loved ones.
Oscar Wilde’s, “The Importance of Being Earnest”, play carefully uses satire as a didactic tool to mask the underlying social commentary with the help of comedy through characters theme and dialogue. Wilde uses satire to ridicule class and wealth, marriage and the ignorance of the Victorian Age. Audiences are continually amused by Wilde’s use of linguistic and comic devices such as double entendre, puns, paradox and epigrams, especially in the case of social commentary and didactic lessons. Characters portrayed in the play such as Jack, Cecily, Algernon and Lady Bracknell, allow Wilde to express his opinions on the social problems during the Victorian Age.