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Women and the 18th century
Women and the 18th century
Women and the 18th century
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If a woman is not in a relationship with a man, just single and on her own, she is considered a lesbian. It does not seem reasonable to consider a woman to be a lesbian just because she is not with a man. There is actually a lesbian spectrum for women to follow to check their sexuality either being with a man, single, or being with another woman. Mary Astell was a famous feminist writer in eighteenth century Europe. This time was known as the Enlightenment period, where ideas were reforming against the social norm. She stood up for women’s rights and fought against man’s ideal thoughts about women. She was a single women for her whole life. She never got married, she did not see the purpose in it. During the Enlightenment period, this idea …show more content…
During the eighteenth century, to go against the normal beliefs was not easy. Some feminist publications were published anonymously because the woman could have been ridiculed for her overarching theories and ideas for women. Not only was Astell courageous to publish this work with her name clearly printed, she even uses satirical and ironic statements about marriages and the mistreatment from men towards their wives. She pointed out questioning how marriage is considered such “a blessed state” but it is rare to even find a husband and wife who are happy in their marriage (Astell, 2421). Throughout her essay she really questions the man’s motives behind getting married. Marrying for love? That is not possible to Mary Astell. “They who marry for love, as they call it, find enough to repent their rash folly, and are not long in being convinced, that whatever fine speeches might be made in the heat of passion, there could be no real kindness between those who can agree to make each other miserable” (Astell, 2421). She is mocking true love, she does not believe it truly exists. To Astell, every man in the world has “no real kindness” and does not really mean the passionate, lovely things he says to his wife. She completely ridicules marriage and all it stands for just within two paragraphs. She is trying to prove to the women that they will not be happy if they are married to a man. Astell even satirized the men who actually do marry for love rather than money. She describes this as a “heroic action, which makes a mighty noise in the world, partly because of its rarity, and partly because of its extravagancy…” (Astell, 2421-22). Only a man who is unlike no other, with heroic intentions and a different way of thinking would marry for love. But Astell still can prove the wife will end up miserable because there are “no great hopes of lasting happiness.” Husbands become uninterested or annoyed easily
In the eighteenth century, the process of choosing a husband and marrying was not always beneficial to the woman. A myriad of factors prevented women from marrying a man that she herself loved. Additionally, the men that women in the eighteenth century did end up with certainly had the potential to be abusive. The attitudes of Charlotte Lennox and Anna Williams toward women’s desire for male companionship, as well as the politics of sexuality, are very different. Although both Charlotte Lennox and Anna Williams express a desire for men in their poetry, Charlotte Lennox views the implications of this desire differently than Anna Williams.
The angry tone of Wollstonecraft’s “Vindication of the Rights of Women” significantly contrasts with the cautionary tone of Austen’s “On Making an Agreeable Marriage,” seeking to reform society rather than guide people to live in that society. When Austen describes the drawbacks of loveless marriage, she writes that “Anything is to be preferred or endured rather than marrying without affection” (Austen 72-73). Austen uses “preferred” and “endured” to warn her niece against marrying too quickly, creating a cautionary tone. Moreover, “anything” emphasizes the miserableness of a marriage without affection, beseeching Austen’s niece to verify her love before diving headfirst into a marriage. In contrast, when demonizing the education system, Wollstonecraft
Just imagine marrying someone you don’t love. I’m pretty sure, you wouldn’t like that. The book states, “Marriage provided both material protections for a woman and, equally importantly, respectability”(Getz and Clarke 170). Marriage is supposed to give protection to the women, however, they were not being protected; they were being treated like slaves. Who would want to be married to someone that is so controlling?
Mary Queen of Scots, also known as Mary Stuart, was born on December 8th, 1542 to James V of Scotland and Mary of Guise. Just six days after Mary’s birth, her father died. She was crowned queen of Scotland within a year. Her regents originally arranged an engagement between her and Henry the VIII of England’s son, but after continuing to send his army north and encouraging the execution of a well-known Scottish patriot, they were determined to avoid marriage. So, in 1548, they sent Mary to France, where her mother was from. Mary was the engaged to the heir of the French throne, Francis of Valois, the son of Henry II of France and Catherine de Medicis. She grew up in the French court as a result of this. When she was 7, her mother came to visit her in France, unfortunately this
Even before this event, the struggles of women in society were surfacing in the media. Eliza Farnham, a married woman in Illinois during the late 1830s, expressed the differing views between men and women on the proper relations between a husband and wife. While Farnham viewed a wife as being “a pleasant face to meet you when you go home from the field, or a soft voice to speak kind words when you are sick, or a gentle friend to converse with you in your leisure hours”, a recently married farmer contended that a wife was useful “to do [a man’s] cookin and such like, ‘kase it’s easier for them than it is for [men]” (Farnham, 243).
Even though Chudleigh eloquently forewarns women about the consequences of marriage, she neglects to address the aftereffects of not getting married. Chudleigh discounts how difficult it is to be an unwed woman in 1703. For the amount she detests marriage, it is ironic that she doesn’t offer and help to the brave women who venture into life on their own. There is no alternative posed to women as to how they are going to make money, where they are going to live or any other issue imperative to survival. Not only does Chudleigh elide the issue of basic survival, she also avoids offering a means of "getting out" for the women who are already married. It appears as though Chudleigh is very quick to condemn marriage, but not as eager to assist women whom she believes need a way out of a "fatal" matrimony.
Society shows the stereotypical way of thinking in the Victorian era: women are subordinate to men. This can be seen through Mary Whitney. Mary Whitney tells Grace what her goals should be and how she should act: “It was a custom for young girls in this country to hire themselves out, in order to earn money for their dowries, and then they would marry, and if their husbands proposed they would soon be hiring their own servants in their turn and then they, ―would be mistress of a tidy farmhouse, and independent” (Atwood 182). Mary Whitney is explaining to Grace that a woman needs to get married in order for her to be successful. This was the gender construction of the time, and she is trying to get Grace to take on that role. This is very true to the a...
For centuries, women have struggled in the fight to gain equality with men. Despite the major advances in civil and political rights, society still has a long way to go in addressing the issue of gender inequality. One major factor that prevents society from achieving gender equality is the idea that marriage is a women’s ultimate life goal. This notion has been significantly presented in literature causing women to appear less powerful than men, more specifically, in the fairly tales “Cinderella, or the little Glass Slipper” by Charles Perrault and “Ash Girl” by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm. The stereotypical depiction of women only being ambitious toward marriage has led to women being inferior to men.
"Marriage is law, and the worst of all laws."(Godwin in Paul 113) is what William Godwin, an 18th century English writer who is also known as "the founder of philosophical anarchism" (Philip), wrote in his Political Justice book. His future-to-become wife, Mary Wollstonecraft, was another English writer whose fame shone after the publication of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. Wollstonecraft was one of the first women to come open and sharp against the inferiority shown towards women at her time and no different from Godwin; she also attacked the marriage institute by calling it "legal prostitution" (Tomalin 106). But despite their theories, both of these writers acted different in practice. They both married, and what is astounding is that they married each other. The announcement of the marriage left everybody astonished and not able to understand how the paradox had happened. How could these two intellectual writers, who through their work told the world "Do not marry. Marriage is slavery." marry each other? To be able to understand the causes that led them to oppose their own moral laws, one first needs to know how and why each of them supported their anti-marriage philosophies.
But in reality, a male narrator gives a certain sense of understanding to the male audience and society’s understand of the male and females roles and responsibilities in a marriage. Just as men were expected to cut the grass, take out the trash, pay the bills and maintain the household as a whole, women were expected to cook, clean, nurture the children, and be a loving and submissive wife to their husband. The only stipulation required for this exchange of power was to establish a mutual love. In the Victorian age love was all it took for a man to take or alter a woman’s livelihood and
Lady Chudleighs’s “To the Ladies” exhibits a remorseful stance on the concept of joining holy matrimony. Chudleigh’s usage of metaphoric context and condescending tone discloses her negative attitude towards the roles of a wife once she is married. It is evident that Mary Chudleigh represents the speaker of the poem and her writing serves a purpose to warn single women not go get married and a regretful choice to women who are.
The Bible which is seen as one of the most sacred text to man has contained in it not only the Ten Commandments, but wedding vows. In those vows couples promise to love, cherish, and honor each other until death does them apart. The irony of women accepting these vows in the nineteenth century is that women are viewed as property and often marry to secure a strong economic future for themselves and their family; love is never taken into consideration or questioned when a viable suitor presents himself to a women. Often times these women do not cherish their husband, and in the case of Edna Pontiellier while seeking freedom from inherited societal expectations and patriarchal control; even honor them. Women are expected to be caretakers of the home, which often time is where they remain confined. They are the quintessential mother and wife and are expected not to challenge that which...
The novel Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen gives us the reader a very good idea of how she views marriage, as well as society. The theme of marriage is set in the very opening sentence of Pride and Prejudice; "It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife" (Austen, 1) As Norman Sherry points out, this is Austen's way of implying that 'a single man in possession of a good fortune' is automatically destined to be the object of desire for all unmarried women. The statement opens the subject of the romantic novel; courtship and marriage. The sentence also introduces the issue of what the reasons for marrying are. She implies here that many young women marry for money. The question...
The book Mary Reilly is the sequel to the famous The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson, is a stark, ingeniously woven, engaging novel. That tells the disturbing tale of the dual personality of Dr. Jekyll, a physician. A generous and philanthropic man, his is preoccupied with the problems of good and evil and with the possibility of separating them into two distinct personalities. He develops a drug that transforms him into the demonic Mr. Hyde, in whose person he exhausts all the latent evil in his nature. He also creates an antidote that will restore him into his respectable existence as Dr. Jekyll. Gradually, however, the unmitigated evil of his darker self predominates, until finally he performs an atrocious murder. His saner self determines to curtail those alternations of personality, but he discovers that he is losing control over his transformations, that he slips with increasing frequency into the world of evil. Finally, unable to procure one of the ingredients for the mixture of redemption, and on the verge of being discovered, he commits suicide.
In her essay, Woman in the Nineteenth Century, Margaret Fuller discusses the state of marriage in America during the 1800‘s. She is a victim of her own knowledge, and is literally considered ugly because of her wisdom. She feels that if certain stereotypes can be broken down, women can have the respect of men intellectually, physically, and emotionally. She explains why some of the inequalities exist in marriages around her. Fuller feels that once women are accepted as equals, men and women will be able achieve a true love not yet known to the people of the world.