Every day, people rely on prospective memory our ability to remember to perform a future action to carry out numerous tasks. Prospective memory is a form of memory that involves remembering to perform a planned action or intention at some future point in time. The prospective memory questionnaire (Hannon, Adams, Harrington, Fries-Dias, & Gibson, 1995) was our first survey that we gave. The second survey that we created was focused on drug and alcohol. The purpose of the study was to explore links between drug and alcohol use and prospective memory. The big goal of the study is to show that drug and alcohol use will cause a negative effect towards your prospective memory. My predictions for the study are that negative effects will hurt your …show more content…
Fewer studies have used more objective lab-based measures to assess prospective memory in substance users, but a similar picture of prospective memory impairment has emerged from users of cannabis, alcohol, methamphetamine, and ecstasy. Terrett et al. (2014) found the relationship between prospective memory and opiate users, which proved that, were impaired on the measure of inhibition and showed a trend towards impairment in cognitive flexibility compared with controls, but no difference was observed on the measure of verbal fluency One study on prospective memory (Bartholomew, Holroyd, & Hefferman, 2010) study was to examine prospective memory impairments associated with cannabis use in young adults. They compared users and non-users on both self- reported prospective memory failures and on an objective video-based prospective memory task. The results obtained revealed that after controlling for extraneous variables that there were no differences. However, cannabis users correctly recalled significantly less location–action combinations than non-users during the objectively measured video-based prospective memory task. Ciorciari & Marotte (2011) found that users of MDMA and cannabis did not show any significant differences in overall reported prospective memory …show more content…
The purpose of the study was also on the consent form. For a full version of our survey, please see the Appendix. The first survey we used was a Prospective Memory from Hannon, Adams, Harrington, Fries-Dias, & Gibson, 1995. The second survey included 28 questions with a variety of demographic, social, drug, and alcohol questions. The survey also included a few questions that were reverse-scored questions. Each survey was a Likert scale. The participants were asked to select the number along the scale that most closely describes them or their
Zeigler, Donald. "The neurocognitive effects of alcohol on adolescents and college students." Preventive Medicine 40. (2004): 23 – 32. Web. 10 Apr. 2014. .
Marijuana is a drug that is harmful to a person¡¯s health. It has been found to have adverse impacts on one¡¯s mental processes such as memory, attention, judgement, and problem- solving (Butcher, Mineka, Hooley, 2004, p.415). Also, marijuana can interfere with a person¡¯s ability to think rationally and logically. Thus, the lapse in judgement caused by the drug use can lead to risky sexual behaviours and this may result in increasing sexually transmitted disease such as AIDS. Moreover, the long-term use of marijuana may cause chronic breathing problems and cancer ...
Can memories be biased? Researchers Postarino and Doyle-Portillio (2013); Bernstein and Loftus (2009); and Bartholomew (2009) found increasing evidence to suggest that the answer to this question is yes. Explicit and implicit memories are encoded differently, but it appears both can be fallible. Also worth noting, is that this can happen without a person conscious awareness. Kolb and Whishaw (2014) examined studies that gave participants a list of words, then gave them a second list. The second list contained some, but not all items from the first list, but many participants thought the word sugar was on both, when in fact it was only on the second. Similar words like cake, sweet, and candy were on the first so this seemed to confuse participants. This phenomena researchers refer to as false memory. False memory is different from a lie; unlike a lie, the individual in this case may give false account of the past truly believing that he or she is telling the truth. In other words, false memory can simply be defined as mental experience that is wrongfully considered as the truthful representation of the past. False memories can result in both minor and serious consequences Bernstein & Loftus, 2009; Bartholomew, 2009).
Also, almost all of the behavior measures were taken by self-report. This is somewhat necessary, as many of the behaviors would be difficult to measure directly (e.g., drug use) without a breach of ethics. This too is a potential source of error, it is likely that the self-reports would under-estimate the proportion of the population that engages in a particular behavior. The astute reader may notice that this review does not include any papers that did not find a false consensus effect. The reason for this is not that this paper is not representative of the literature, but rather, that it is.
McCrady, B S., Epstein, E., Cook, S, Jensen, N K., Ladd, B O.; (Sep, 2011). Psychology of Addictive Behaviors; Vol 25(3); 521-529. Doi: 10.1037/a0024037
The debate concerning recreational and medical use of cannabis has historically been incredibly controversial and its popularity is increasing. Many claim that there are no downsides to its use, often falling back on the “alcohol is worse for you” argument, while those who oppose its use say otherwise. In 2013, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) surveyed 70,000 Americans 12 years and older and found that 7.3% of Americans regularly used marijuana in 2012, showing a rise in use over the last several years. While cannabis is still considered an illegal substance in the majority of the country, several states are beginning to shift their views, allowing for the use of medical marijuana in some and even full legal recreational use in others, such as Colorado. The main question driving this debate is how does cannabis affect the mind? Legalization very much depends on peoples’ health and safety concerns, and so in this paper I discuss cannabis and its effects on cognitive function both short- and long-term.
The mammalian brain contains several different memory systems, which can be divided into declarative and non-declarative memory systems. Declarative memory can be further divided into episodic and semantic memory, and non-declarative memory can be divided into priming, associative learning, and procedural memory.
Have you ever been an eyewitness at the scene of a crime? If you were, do you think that you would be able to accurately describe, in precise detail, everything that happened and remember distinct features of the suspect? Many people believe that yes they would be able to remember anything from the events that would happen and the different features of the suspect. Some people, in fact, are so sure of themselves after witnessing an event such as this that they are able to testify that what they think they saw was indeed what they saw. However, using an eyewitness as a source of evidence can be risky and is rarely 100% accurate. This can be proven by the theory of the possibility of false memory formation and the question of whether or not a memory can lie.
Socrates’ Doctrine of Recollection is invalid because of the flawed procedure that was employed to prove it, its inability to apply to all types of knowledge, and the weakness of the premises that it is based on.
Marijuana has many bad side effects that harm the body. According to Szara Braude, marijuana slows down reactions causing problems with memory and learning, distorted perception, difficulty in thinking, and loss of coordination (Marijuana as a medicine 53). Many people use this drug not knowing wh...
Schnitzspahn, K.M., Stahl, C., Zeintl, M., Kaller, C. P., & Kliegel, M. (2013). The role of shifting, updating, and inhibition in prospective memory performance in young and older adults. Developmental Psychology, 49(8), 1544-1553. doi: 10.1037/a0030579
Marijuana and alcohol use have been thought to be detrimental to brain function. The purpose of this experiment was to observe, and test, what kind of effects marijuana and alcohol have on the brain. This experiment is a longitudinal study that consisted of the participants using alcohol and marijuana over a period of three years and being evaluated by a series of tests. These tests measured multiple aspects of cognition such as memory and how quickly they could understand and sort material. The partakers were chosen from students in California whose ages ranged from 16-19 years old, therefore these students are in late adolescence and early emerging adulthood. It is important to note these stages because the use of drugs can alter the brain
The use of marijuana in a recreational manner, can lead to memory deficit amongst those who use it long term.
People usually abuse marijuana by becoming addicted and smoking it just because instead of using it for their well-being. I went around and asked about ten people I know who have been smoking for at least five years. When I asked them if they had ever experienced memory problems, learning difficulties, trouble with problem solving and loss of muscle activity and addictive capability, they responded, “If anything, marijuana enhances my memory.” “I would not be able to learn in school if I did not smoke.” “The only problem I had, was being addicted to marijuana, but it was all in my head because when I finally stopped smoking, I had no withdrawal symptoms.” The only side effect that seemed to be accurate when asking these questions was the addictive properties. Although being addicted to marijuana mentally can be a problem, all of the many positive side effects of marijuana outweigh the one negative side effect that seems to be the most
Why do we keep repeating menial activities in our everyday lives, i.e. Playing cards, bowling? Is it because we enjoy being in the moment so much, or is the elation that we feel, the satisfaction that comes from these activities, just our minds looking forward to the memories of these times? If it is truly the moment we enjoy, then why do we feel satisfied for extended periods of time after the activity is gone? It is the memory of that feeling that we hold in highest regard. This is why we can get bored of doing the same activities, over and over again, even if we enjoy it so much for the earlier times. Does the activity change? No. The memories of that activity change. We already have so much space in our mind, dominated by that one activity, that we feel satisfied. After an extended absence from that activity we can enjoy it as much as we did the first time. That is because the memories are slipping away from us, and we feel like we...have room...for more memories of said activity. But why do we enjoy the memories of some activities more than others?