In "On Dreams," Freud asserted that feelings of guilt, if repressed from consciousness, inevitably surface in unconscious symptoms, such as nightmares or madness. Although a person may repress his conscience, the guilt is merely displaced to another part of the mind, and eventually, this repressed matter must return. In the works of Dostoevsky, a character's guilt often manifests itself in dreams by presenting the character's purely devilish self or his worst fears. Not only does the character himself assume in dreams a totally fiendish nature, but the beings he encounters do also. Whether the devil appears literally, as in Ivan Karamazov's case, or in the likeness of the character's victim, as in the cases of Raskolnikov and Stavrogin, the mere fact of the devil's emergence reveals that the character has failed to elude guilt, a human universal, despite what he thinks or says consciously. In that the character himself is responsible for his nightmare, in that he is incapable of escaping the guilt that plagues him, the character constitutes his own devil. Because he is human, he suffers guilt, and hence, cannot get away with his crime. He is not as good at being bad as he believes. What do these dreams mean, in light of the fact that they are the literary creations of an author? How does guilt effectively temper pride? We shall attempt to answer these questions in examining the crimes, the dreams, and the devils of Raskolnikov, Stavrogin, and Ivan Karamazov.
It is important when discussing a dream in a novel to distinguish between the literary and psychological implications of the dream. The dream is obviously the functional product of the author's imagination, and hence, must serve a definite purpose in the work. If exami...
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...ious. Guilt is a universal throughout humankind, and merely completes the psychological equation originating with excessive pride: if one dares to assume that he can transcend his humanity and enter the divine sphere, and commits a crime accordingly, guilt, emerging unconsciously in dreams, will eventually remind him of his human roots.
Works Cited
Anderson, Roger B. Dostoevsky: Myths of Duality. Gainesvilled, University of Florida Press, 1986.
Dostoevsky, Fyodor. The Brothers Karamazov. Trans. Constance Garnett. Ed. Ralph E. Matlaw. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1976.
---. Crime and Punishment. Trans. Jessie Coulson. Ed. George Gibian. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1989.
---. Devils. Trans. and Ed. Michael R. Katz. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. New York: Scholastic Book Services, 1970.
The Brothers Karamazov - Thriller The Brothers Karamazov is an enthralling thriller about the struggle for self-redemption in the eyes of God as well as in the hearts of the Russians. The murder of Fyodor Karamazov, a foolish and heartless savage who betrays his own sons of a father's care, venomously seeps its way into Dmitri, Ivan, and Alyosha's lives causing innocence to request fault and suffering. With intricate characterizations, Dostoevsky magnificently presents the internal agony that derives from a wavering spirit. The religious teachings of the great elder Father Zosima engross the minds of the spiritually inadequate throughout the novel. Dostoevsky essentially carries these guidelines to peaceful immortality by means of the character Alyosha.
Pollock, J. M. (2012). Crime and justice in America: An introduction to criminal justice (2nd ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Dostoyevsky's writing in this book is such that the characters and setting around the main subject, Raskolnikov, are used with powerful consequences. The setting is both symbolic and has a power that affects all whom reside there, most notably Raskolnikov. An effective Structure is also used to show changes to the plot's direction and Raskolnikov's character. To add to this, the author's word choice and imagery are often extremely descriptive, and enhance the impact at every stage of Raskolnikov's changing fortunes and character. All of these features aid in the portrayal of Raskolnikov's downfall and subsequent rise.
As the novel The Awakening opens, the reader sees Edna Pontellier as one who might seem to be a happy married woman living a secure, fulfilled life. It is quickly revealed, though, that she is deeply oppressed by a male dominated society, evident through her marriage to Leonce. Edna lives a controlled life in which there is no outlet for her to develop herself as the individual who she is. Her marriage to Leonce was more an act of rebellion from her parents than an act of love for Leonce. She cares for him and is fond of him, but had no real love for him. Edna’s inability to awaken the person inside her is also shown through her role as a “mother-woman”. She loves and cares for her children a great deal, but does not fit into the Creole mother-society in which other women baby and over protect their children.
Young, J. (1981). Thinking seriously about crime: Some models of criminology. In M. Fitzgerald, G. McLennan, & J. Pawson (Eds.), Crime and society: Readings in history and society (pp. 248-309). London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Another reason why BSL should be added to the national curriculum is due to the fact that it would have an optimistic impact on mental health issues of deaf individuals as statistics show that 1 in 4 D/deaf individuals are more likely to develop mental health problems, compared to those who are hearing, which is 1 in 6 individuals.
While the benefits for the hearing are great, there are better benefits for those who are Deaf. Jarashow stated that it was essentially frowned upon if a Deaf child was using sign instead of trying to use what ability they had to hear. This seems counterproductive and if they emphasized more on teaching Deaf children ASL, there would be better outcomes for them in the future. Instead of focusing on trying to make everyone the same, they should focus on giving these children the best opportunity possible despite their
College basketball is full of heart, hustle and the sheer will of wanting to win every single game while in the NBA a loss does not matter to the extent it does in college basketball. When it comes to playoffs in the NBA is nowhere close to as serious and fun to watch as March Madness. March Madness is either win or you die. While the NBA you have seven chances to win four games, with this you lose a certain degree of competition. If you have one chance one shot at winning the national championship the amount of heart and effort that individuals put into the game is so noticeable higher that it is hard to explain. With several March Madness game ending in low score margins that change every few seconds and often games ending with game winning three pointers or half court miracle tosses. When it comes to the comparison of NBA and College Basketball College wins without a
In The Bean Trees, Estevan and Esperanza are a young Guatemalan couple who fled their home country for a better life. They were both in danger in the country because of their affiliation with the teacher’s union and the secretive information they know. Both Esperanza and Estevan were ripped away from their daughter and other loved ones. “‘We have no children,’ Estevan said. Esperanza looked as though she had been slapped across the face.” (Kingsolver, ch.7) After her own daughter and brother was ripped away from her, she was forced into a catatonic stage. She wasn’t able to enjoy her new found freedom and safety in the U.S. Alejandro, a boy whose experience is talked about in the article “Fleeing Violence in Honduras, a Teenage boy seeks Asylum in Brooklyn,” is another example of past traumatic experiences affecting his experience in a new country. Alejandro was a fifteen year old boy who decided to make the treacherous journey to America in search of a better life for both him and his brother Jeffrey. In Alejandro’s home country, San Pedro Sula, Honduras, gang violence is a huge problem, especially when it comes to teens. Gangs will often create massacres, rape young girls, and recruit young teens with the options of join, or be tortured and/or executed. After a news report saying that “unaccompanied minors” will be allowed into the country, the two young brothers set out
Often times in literature, we are presented with quintessential characters that are all placed into the conventional categories of either good or bad. In these pieces, we are usually able to differentiate the characters and discover their true intentions from reading only a few chapters. However, in some remarkable pieces of work, authors create characters that are so realistic and so complex that we are unable to distinguish them as purely good or evil. In the novel Crime and Punishment, Fyodor Dostoevsky develops the morally ambiguous characters of Raskolnikov and Svidrigailov to provide us with an interesting read and to give us a chance to evaluate each character.
(Hartford, 2017) After the Deaf began to flourish by expanding their community in creating clubs, schools, and deaf safe zones where they could gather, in the 1860s Alexander Graham Bell started to spread the belief that those who can speak and hear are inherently superior. He wanted to wipe the U.S. clean of what he thought to be hereditary deafness, going as far as to strongly advocate against deaf intermarriage and removing Deaf faculty from schools. (Padden and Malzkuhn, 2007) Later in 1880, delegates met at the request of Bell to discuss deaf education. As a result, a resolution passed that encouraged spoken language, thus banning sign language in schools. This only ended in 1980 during the International Congress on Education of the Deaf when it was declared that deaf children had the right to use the mode of communication that met their needs and successfully overturned Congress’ 1880 ban. (Padden and Malzkuhn, 2007) Fortunately, it is now often allowed for deaf students to have access to an interpreter in a public hearing school. In younger grades especially though, it is hard to determine how much of the educational content can be understood and if an interpreter that lacks skill affects academic achievement.(Anita, 2013) The Deaf in the U.S. now receive better treatment than before but that does not mean they
Hart, Harold H. (ed.), Punishment: For & Against; New York: Hart Publishing Company, Inc., 1971
Shelden, R.G., Brown, W.B., Miller, K.S., & Fritzler, R.B. (2008). Crime and criminal justice in american society. Long Grove, Illinosis: Waveland Press, INC.
In Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment, Raskalnikov undergoes a period of extreme psychological upheaval. By comparing this death and rebirth of Raskalnikov's psyche to the story of the resurrection of Lazarus, Dostoevsky emphasizes not only the gravity of his crimes, but also the importance of acceptance of guilt.
The Classical School of Criminology generally refers to the work of social contract and utilitarian philosophers Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham during the enlightenment in the 18th century. The contributions of these philosophers regarding punishment still influence modern corrections today. The Classical School of Criminology advocated for better methods of punishment and the reform of criminal behaviour. The belief was that for a criminal justice system to be effective, punishment must be certain, swift and in proportion to the crime committed. The focus was on the crime itself and not the individual criminal (Cullen & Wilcox, 2010). This essay will look at the key principles of the Classical School of Criminology, in particular