CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction and Problem Summary Have you noticed an increase of potholes in our city? Hopefully YES. Roads in our country endure heavy rainfall, and as a result they are commonly marked with potholes. The damage starts with a small crack on the side of the road and ends with big potholes. The damage grows when water seeps down into the crack. Slowly, the cracks grows underneath the road, making the pavement more susceptible to damage from the weight of traffic. These potholes then cause damage to vehicles which also increase the maintenance cost. If the vehicle hits a deep, dreaded divot in the road, steering system misalignment to a full-on tire puncture or bent rims may follow. Potholes also causes many safety hazards like road accidents. So, to overcome from this problem we have come up with an idea by which we can easily estimate the depth and volume of the potholes. After getting an estimated idea about depth and volume of the potholes, these details can be made available to government agencies or municipal commission who monitors the quality and condition of the roads. Figure 1 pothole formation As the details are available to …show more content…
Laser triangulation technique is used to find the depth of any object. Also finding the angle between incident laser ray and the reflected ray captured by the webcam is one of the critical issues in 3D laser scanning. A simple procedure is proposed to accurately find the same. The scanner design is straightforward, involving simple trigonometry for finding the depth. Its range is small but the accuracy is relatively high then time-of-flight technique. The price of components used also affect the accuracy of the laser scanner. The scanner we have proposed eliminates the need of two lasers, two web cameras and calibration of moving
The purpose of this short memo is to discuss aspects of use, applicability, and environmental impacts of porous pavements as gleaned from practical findings and pertinent examples. A porous pavement is one with high enough porosity and permeability to allow rain and snowmelt to pass through it, thereby reducing the runoff from a site and surrounding areas. In intensely built up areas, pavements account for more than half of all the land, and for about two-thirds of total built cover (Ferguson, 2005, 2-3). Parking lots, in particular, account for the majority of paved areas. Pervious paving materials have the capability of providing a dual purpose in parking and other areas with low to moderate traffic; they serve both as a parking/traffic area and to manage stormwater.
Driver error is an additional cause of crashes. Driver error can be numerous things, including distraction, fatigue and falling asleep at the wheel, inexperience, reckless driving, eating while driving, and others.
Sinkholes are known to occur during the dry months of the year when underground caverns become drained of ground water. Since nature abhors a void, the earth quickly fills the void and the result is clearly visible above the ground. Pity all those people who spend the entire earnings to build homes only for houses to get swallowed up in an instant. Forces they may not have been aware of make all their investments bare.
In the past few years, Colorado Springs has seen a substantial population increase (St. Louis-Sanchez 2014). This has led to an increase of a variety of issues. Due to the increase, one of the biggest issues is that the roads cannot handle the new volume of traffic, and the drivers that are new to the region cannot always handle the roads, particularly in the winter. While the city continues to attempt to widen the roads, this only causes more congestion and stress no matter how temporary. On top of the added hassle of construction, roads can only be expanded so much before there is not any more room. Larger roads also means a larger winter maintenance operation, more money spent filling potholes, and repaving more roads. There are three different solutions to this problem, and they all can work together and build on one another.
Potholes damage cars causing bent rims, flat tires, alignment issues as well as other damages and accidents. The cost to the city to keep on top of repairs and pay for the contractors this year alone in Bend greatly exceed their budget. When interviewing Pam Harrington, a local Bend resident, about her experiences with potholes, she said " It's a big problem in Bend! As the winter progresses so does the pothole problem. There is one pothole near my fathers apartment on the East side of town that is so large. It's about four feet square and very dangerous! When it's dark, if you are not aware that it is there, you are in big
People think teenagers are the only horrid drivers. What they don’t think about is that there’s an age group of drivers who are far worse than teenagers.
Another problem that enhanced the difficulty in driving was the damages that were caused on the vehicles. The most affected parts were the tyres that became deflated over time with an increment in the damage on their rims. These, therefore, inflicted many repair costs to the drivers of both the public and the private vehicles.
Sinkholes are an issue because of all the problems such as destruction to land, harm to civilians, and the cost of damages that sinkholes create. Sinkholes have a very broad spectrum because they can range from small land surfaces to covered collapse sinkholes (Phelps). According to the US Geological Survey, (USGS) 130 sinkholes formed across the region in dangerous places such as under interstates. Sinkholes are a natural part of Florida’s landscape, but with the growth of Florida’s population the more water is being used from 8 to 20 million (Gupta). According to Susan Martin and Dan DeWitt, “The number of residential sinkhole claims filed with Citizens Property Insurance Corp., which insures more Florida homeowners than any other company, has nearly tripled in the past five years, from 1,482 claims in 2007 to 4,024 last year. The average claim now costs Citizens nearly $90,000.”
with a digital map, who shows the position of the car. Based on the position of
In my first hypothesis, I believe that sinkholes will occur in soil and rock that is soft and wet because sinkholes are known to be associated with limestone bedrock and limestone is easily dissolved by acidic groundwater. Thus, my hypothesis is that when soils and rocks that attract more water, it is easily for a sinkhole to develop because the soil will erode into open cracks or caverns in the ground. This in turn would lead to a surface collapse because the er...
The scenarios that will be explored in this report are: driving down Newnham Rd, driving across Broadwater Rd and driving onto Broadwater Rd from Newnham Rd.
... plazas and the nicest of trucks won’t move any freight without roads. Local and state governments spend billions of dollars to build and maintain roads. From pothole repair, to snow removal; from bridge inspections to signage replacement, it takes thousands of men and women to keep our roads useable.
Crumple zones- are a structural feature used in automobiles. They help by absorbing the impact; this is by spreading the impact through parts of the car instead of in the one spot. This reflects back onto law number one, two and three. This is shown when the car hits the object it causes the car to slow down or completely stop (1). The crumble zone would protect the driver because all the energy has been diverted around the car, instead of the one spot. As a result of the cars mass and its acceleration, the force can be calculated (2). When the car crashes it’s most likely that the object w...
During my under graduation I have learnt only about basics of pavement materials and different layers of pavements. It was only after studying graduate courses I realized how limited my knowledge was and I need to work very hard and explore more in this vast field. During first year of my graduate study I have studied Pavements Materials, Pavement Design and Evaluation, Highway Construction Practices and these graduate courses opened a new paradigm for me to the way I looked at pavement engineering. This prompted me to look at it as a field full of challenges which make it even more dynamic and op...
pothole, it may be very difficult to fill it. By ruining the world today, it