3. Posterior Compartment:
The muscles are Soleus, Gastrocnemius, Tibialis posterior, Flexor hallucis longus and Flexor digitorum longus. The Posterior tibial nerve, the Posterior tibial artery and its large branch Peroneal artery also run in the posterior compartment. They are well protected by these muscles. The symptoms of posterior compartment are less striking due to the fact it being more large and elastic.
Blood supply to tibia:
The blood supply to the tibial shaft comes from the nutrient artery and the periosteal vessels. The nutrient artery of the tibia arises from the posterior tibial artery and enters the posterior-lateral cortex of the bone at the origin of the Soleus muscle. This artery
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Falls may be simple fall on his or her height, fall down stairs or slopes, and fall from height.
The highest incidence is seen in motor vehicle accidents usually affecting the motor cyclists, pedestrians and automobile occupants.
Axial loading injuries:
Bone is viscoelastic, the rate of loading shifts the stress strain curve. Rapid axial loading absorbs and then at failure releases more energy. The released energy is imparted to the soft tissue. Part or the entire articular surface may be involved. The injury may be confined to an epiphyseal area just above the joint, it may involve the epiphysis and metaphysis or it may have an extension into the diaphysis. The precise direction of force and the position of the foot when it is applied lead to wide variation in fracture patterns.
INITIAL EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT
History:
The surgeon must obtain a careful history of the mechanism of injury, the likelihood of associated injuries, and the presence of underlying medical conditions that can affect treatment or healing. The mechanism of
Intra articular fractures of calcaneus occurs following eccentric loading of the talus on the calcaneus.(fig 5.1) The severity, type and location of fracture are determined by the position of the foot, the direction and magnitude of applied force and quality of bone 49.
small veins. As the blood passes from the small artery through the capillaries and into the
Of the possible hundreds, approximately twenty muscles work together to give the joint it stability and motion. Of the twenty, five major groups of muscles are responsible for dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, supination, pronation, eversion, inversion, adduction, and abduction. From the dorsal view, the following muscles are responsible for mostly dorsiflexion movement: The Extensor Digitorum Longus run from the lateral condyle to the distal of the second to fifth digit. The Extensor Hallicus Longus run from the shaft of the tibia to the great toes. The Tibialis Anterior travel from lateral condyle to the first cuneiform and the first metatarsal bone. The Peroneus Brevis run from the distal portion of the fibia shaft to the fifth metatarsal and is responsible for eversion of the foot. The Peroneus Longus run from distal portion of the tibia and lateral condyle of the tibia to the first cuneiform and the first metatarsal bone. Lastly, the Extensor Digitorum Brevis run from the calcaneus anteriorly to the first fourth proximal part of the phalanges. The plantar side consists of the following: Tibialis Anterior that run from both the fibula and tibia and connect to all three of the cuneiform, the navicular, and the calcaneus. The Flexor Hallicus Longus run from the distal part of the fibula and travel all the way down to the great toes. The Flexor Digitorum Brevis run from the tibia travel down to the four-distance digit. The Lumbricales began from the tendon of the Flexor Digitorum Longus and end at the tendon of the Flexor Digitorum Longus on the second to the fifth toes. The Flexor Digitorum Brevis began at the calcaneus and end at the center phalanges of the second to the fifth toes. The Flexor Hallicus Brevis began from the cuboid and the cuneiform and end at phalanges of the great
Two minor muscles in walking are the tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior. The tibialis anterior inverts the foot and dorsiflex the ankle. Its origin is on the lateral condyle of the tibia and the insertion is on the medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal. The tibialis posterior inverts the foot but plantar flex the ankle. Its origin is on the proximal posterior shafts of the tibia and fibula, while it s insertion is on all five tarsal bones and bases of the some of the
The patient is a 27 year old male who came in the hospital with pain and swelling in his left ankle. He had said he jumped off a porch and landed on a root. A three view ankle x-ray was ordered. The doctor found that there was an oblique spiral fracture of the distal one third diaphysis of the tibia. There is approximately 1 centimeter of lateral displacement of the distal fracture fragment with respect to the proximal fragment. Spiral fracture is caused by a twisting force. The result is a spiral-shaped fracture line above the bone, like a staircase. Depending on how much force causes the fracture, spiral fractures can be displaced or stable. A displaced fracture is when the broken ends of the bone are separated. Stable fractures happen when
Nancy Swarbrick. 'Road accidents - Growth in road injuries and deaths', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 10-Jul-13
The hamstring muscle group consists of semimembranosus, semitendinosus and bicep femoris (See figure) All three muscles originate from the ischial tuberosity, however bicep femoris has two heads. The second head of the bicep femoris originates from linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of the femur (Brukner, et al., 2014). Furthermore, insertion of the semimembranosus is the posterior part of the medial tibial condyle as well as the oblique popliteal ligament. In addition, semitendinosus muscle inserts into the anteromedial surface of the tibia with gracilis and sartorius whilst the biceps femoris attaches onto the head of the fibula (Ahmad et al., 2013). Semitendinosus and semimembranosus are found on the medial part of the posterior side of the thigh, however bicep femoris situated more
"What Type of Crash Is Usually the Most Deadliest?" Car SeatOrg Carseat Automobile Child Passenger Safety Community Forums RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 May 2014.
When taking steps to analyze and apply intervention strategies for falls, we must examine the factors that cause these occurrences. There are numerous reasons that falls occur, such as intrinsic and or extrinsic risk factors. Intrinsic risk factors for falls may be due to changes that are part of the normal aging process and acute or chronic conditions. According to Zheng, Pan and Hua et al. (2013), about 35-45 percent of individuals who are usually older than 65 years and other 50 percent of the elderly individuals report cases of fall every year. Extrinsic factors are those related to physical environment such as lack of grab bars, poor condition of floor surfaces, inadequate or improper use of assistive devices (Currie). Patient falls is not an easy thing to eliminate. With many clinical challenges, there’s no easy answer to the challenges posed by patient falls; howe...
In order to know how bad a dislocated knee is, the anatomy of the knee should be known. The top bone in the joint is called the femur and the bone that is connected to is the tibia, which is distal it (Prentice, 20142013). Next to the tibia laterally is the fibula (Prentice, 20142013). These bones form the knee joint. I...
Fatal motor vehicle collision is one of the leading causes of death. Within the past decades, motor vehicle collision statistics have fluctuated. More than 400,000 people died on the public roadways across the country (DPS, 2016). Not to mention that every 60 seconds an estimate of 85 commuters dies. Some researchers believe that the main contributing factors are drivers’ behavior and road hazards (DPS, 2016).
Trauma is the most urging issue in the surgery. Serious trauma could easily change the way of our lives with very lasting and painful tragedies. Trauma is
Medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries: branches of the profunda femoris artery. The medial circumflex femoral artery is the major arterial supply while the lateral circumflex femoral artery has to penetrate through the thick iliofemoral ligament to reach the hip joint that is the reason the damage to the medial circumflex femoral artery can cause avascular necrosis of the femoral
elements. It surrounds the patella and is joint to the tibula. A lot of muscles are involved in
II. According to the Bicycle Helmet Safety Institute, bicycle related crashes kill about 900 people a year and injure over half a million. Most bicycle deaths or accidents occur between 3-9 pm, and most often occur during the summer months. We can prevent these numbers by: wearing protective equipment, obeying the rules of the road, and being aware of your surroundings.