Watching a weekend football game could be teaching you something
other than who threw the most passes or gained the most yards.
Football provides some great examples of the basic concepts of
physics! Physics is present in the flight of the ball, the motion of the
players, and the force of the tackles. This web page will show you
how physics applies to these areas of football.
What Exactly Is Physics and
What Does It Have to Do with Football?
When you throw a football across the yard to your friend, you are using physics. You make adjustments for all the factors, such as distance, wind and the weight of the ball. The farther away your friend is, the harder you have to throw the ball, or the steeper the angle of your throw. This adjustment is done in your head, and it's physics. Physics is the branch of science that deals with the physical world. The area of physics that is most relevant to football is mechanics, the study of motion and its causes. The three main categories of motion that apply to the game are:
* delivery of a football through the air (pass, punt, kickoff, field goal, extra point)
* runners on the field (backs, receivers, linemen)
* stopping runners on the field (tackling, blocking)
FLIGHT OF THE BALL
When the football travels through the air (long pass, punt, kickoff,
field goal), it always follows a curved, or parabolic, path because
the movement of the ball in the vertical direction is influenced by
the force of gravity As the ball travels up, gravity slows it down until
it stops briefly at its peak height, the ball then comes down, and
gravity accelerates it until it hits the ground. This...
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... the amount of force applied:
Less force is required farther out from the center of mass than
closer in. So, by tackling a runner low -- far from the center of
mass -- it takes less force to tackle him than if he were tackled
high. Also, if a runner is hit exactly at his center of mass, he will
not rotate, but instead will be driven in the direction of the tackle.
Similarly, coaches often advise linemen to stay low. This brings
their center of mass closer to the ground, so an opposing player,
no matter how low he goes, can only contact them near their
center of mass. This makes it difficult for an opposing player to
move them, because they will not rotate upon contact. This
technique is critical for a defensive lineman in defending his own
goal in the "red" zone, the last 10 yards before the goal line.
There are three main energy systems used in a game of touch football which consist of the creatine phosphate (ATP PC) system, lactic acid system and the aerobic system. Each system plays a vital role during game play. Every muscle in your body requires energy to perform all movements, and to do this, the energy is produced by the breakdown of a molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is found in all cells which is a chemical form of muscular activity and performs mostly all functions in the human body. It contains 3 phosphate groups and adenosine. ATP is stored in the muscles and lasts for approximately 10-30 seconds. Carbohydrates, fats and proteins, are all producers of ATP from the food we eat; however Creatine Phosphate is also a high energy compound producer found in the cells. These three chemical reactions are conducted to continue muscular work. The first system used in a game of touch football is the ATP PC system. This system is stored into the muscles and used in short durations for up to 10 seconds and doesn’t not require oxygen therefore being anaerobic. ATP lasts approximately 3 seconds, and then Creatine phosphate (CP) will continue until all ATP PC energy is used up. The use of ATP is high intensity and would usually be used in a 50m sprint or a pass in touch. Once the CP energy is used up the body then switches to the lactic acid system. This is because of the breakdown of glucose, resulting in the production of lactic acid. The lactic acid system an anaerobic energy system, which lasts for approximately 30 seconds to 2 minutes, and is the conversion of glycogen to glucose. In relation to a game of touch football, the lactic acid system could be used during a quick wruck, as the movements required are a...
First off, when kicking a football, you have to factor in several things. You need to know what the distance is from the spot of the ball to the field goal and what direction you’re kicking the ball. You also have to factor in the direction the wind and how fast the wind is blowing. If the wind is blowing towards the field goal post, it will most likely increase the distance it will travel. If the wind is blowing away from the field goal post, the distance you can make a field goal will decrease.
A good batter will use almost all of these rotational and torque energies either before or durning contact with the ball. After contact your body is relaxed and its remaining motion is smooth, this extra motion is caused by the momentum of the bat pulling the arms up and through.Your follow through is also very important, even though the ball has already been hit it is ideal that you complete your swing so that you're not thrown off balance by that extra momentum when you start to run.
When looking at a collision between a baseball bat and ball, three things always apply:
Baseball is a fascinating sport that is exceptionally fun to play. This assignment is all about understanding the physics of a few key aspects of this sport. One might ask what physics could have to do with baseball? Like most sports baseball involves physical motion. Baseball encompasses all three planes of motion through throwing, hitting, and fielding. All of the classical laws of mechanics can be applied to understand the physics of this game.
A baseball pitcher throws a baseball across the plate and the batter hits it to center field, and elderly man pitches horseshoes, a young person spikes a volleyball, student practices driving a golf ball while a college athlete practices punting a football. Once more, as is the case with pushing and pulling, a widely diverse set of activities has a common denominator. Each of these activities involves sequential movement of the body segments resulting in the production of a summated velocity at the end of the chain of segments used. The path produced by the end point of this chain of segments is curvilinear in nature. Sequential segmental motions are most frequently used to produce high velocities in external objects. Depending on the objective of the skill, speed, accuracy, distance, or some combination, modifications in the sequential pattern may be involved, larger or smaller ranges of motion might be used, and longer of shorter lever lengths may be chosen. Regardless of the modifications, the basic nature of the sequential throwing, striking or kicking pattern remains the same.
fibers. When ATP and is in turn broken down, the result is a spark of
The rules of these similar yet vastly different games are extremely complex, so only the basics are necessary to distinguish the better sport. In football, the primary rule is that you must advance the ball forward by throwing it or running with it. Once a player with the ball is downed, the entire team lines up again, and the ball is snapped to the quarterback. The short pause in-between each down may not seem significant, but it definitely takes its toll on the excitement.
The players that are receiving these hits are considered to be defenseless, someone who is not in position to defend himself from an oncoming hit (NFL Rules and Regulations). Some examples include: a player in the act of or just after throwing a pass, a receiver attempting to catch a pass or one who has completed a pass and has not had the time to protect himself or has not clearly become a ball carrier, a player on the ground, a kick returner attempting to catch or recover a kick, a player already obviously out of the play, a quarterback any time after a change of possession, and a ball carrier whose forward progress has been stopped (Targeting). These types of hits, as of 2010, are automatically ruled a penalty whether the hit was intentional or
First of all, the rules of football require one to equip himself with approximately twenty pounds of equipment, including a helmet, shoulder pads, and girdle pads. This is because football has the most contact involved out of all sports. In a football game, the norm is that the home team wears colorful jerseys and the visiting team wears white jerseys. Moreover, if a team’s offense is on the field, their defense is on the sideline. A team’s offense includes a center, who snaps the ball to the quarterback. The “QB” then has a choice to run with the ball, hand it off to a running back, or throw it to a wide receiver. The quarterback has an offensive line to protect him from the assailing defense. If a teammate happens to score a touchdown, he earns his team six points, which allows for the kicker to kick an extra point, and give his team a total of seven points. However, if the offense fails to travel at least ten yards within four attempts, or “downs,” they have the opti...
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