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Effects of introducing foreign species on native communities
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Since the beginning of human existence this race has been using science in order to protect and advance their society. However as time has progressed the use of this modification has created both positive and negative repercussions. In 1999, the community of Denton, Texas brought in an un-indigenous species to eradicate their fire ant problem. While bringing in this species, the phorid fly, did immediately benefit the community, it will also have long lasting effects on the ecosystem in Denton. In order to weigh both the risk and reward of the phorid fly, it is important to examine all sides of the arguments for and against them.
However before the benefits and detriments of the phorid fly are presented the problem must be put into perspective. The fire ants who invaded the town of Denton were not indigenous to the area and caused many issues for residents of the area. The ants are extremely aggressive and attack anyone who disturbs their nests leaving welts that last for weeks. The ants also took over the residents homes ensuring that no space was safe from their sting. They can damage crops, electrical equipment, and the ecosystem. Solenopsis invicta, the scientific name for the invasive fire ant, reduced biodiversity among reptiles, lizards, and small mammals by causing death to the organisms. In total the ants are estimated to cost the United States one billion dollars a year (without considering economic losses which add another ninety million.)
The phorid fly is a parasitic species whose host animal is the ant. In Denton the infestation of fire ants was partly due to the fact that there were no predators native to the area in which the fire ants had made their home. The fire ants main limiting factor was rain which washed aw...
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Philpott, Stacy M., and Gabriella L. Pardee. "Environmental Entomology." BioOne. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Apr. 2014.
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Cranshaw, Whitney. "Nuisance Wasps and Bees." Nuisance Wasps and Bees. Colorado State University, 08 Jan. 2014. Web. 31 Mar. 2014.
Miller, K. R., & Levine, J. S. (2010). Miller & Levine biology. Boston, Mass.: Pearson.
Another problem is that our ant is starting to sag, both in the front (or, in entomological terms, the "prognosis") and in the rear (or "butt"). It doesn't look like one of those alert, businesslike, "can-do" ants that you see striding briskly around. It looks depressed, like an ant that has just been informed that all 86,932 members of its immediate family were crushed while attempting to lift a Tootsie Roll.
Singer, Charles. The Visions of Hildegard Bingen. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 78 (2005): n. pag. National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, Jan. 2005.
it) and gaster (abdomen less the abdominal segments in the petiole). The petiole may be
Sansone, Randy A., and Lori A. Sansone. "Abstract." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 09 Apr. 2014.
Schulman, Joshua M., and David E. Fisher. "Abstract." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 28 Aug. 0005. Web. 24 Apr. 2014.
In 1996, the Asian Longhorn Beetle made its way into the New York and New Jersey creating the decimation of the forests. The Asian Longhorn Beetle has so far caused the cutting of over 10,000 trees in New Jersey, and quarantine of 109 miles in New York today . The spread of this foreign beetle has created great impacts on the environment. The Asian Longhorn Beetle is an invasive specie, a harmful specie from another locations, mainly other countries, that has ended up in a foreign habitat. As time has progressed, invasive species have continued to come into our environment more frequently creating many unforeseen consequences. The relationship of invasive species within the United States’ environment and ecosystem has been changing ever since the arrival of the Europeans in the 1700s to present day. Due to these encounters with other species whether harmful or neutral, the majority, if not all, of the United States has been affected with the threatening encroachment of native species due to the industrialization of waterways and transportation.
Miller, K. R., & Levine, J. S. (2010). Miller & Levine biology. Boston, Mass: Pearson
Cain, M. L., Urry, L. A., & Reece, J. B. (2010). Campbell Biology. Benjamin Cummings.
Invasive species exist in the world and are a very real threat to the American citizens ' way of life. The
Forensic entomology is the study of insects and arthropods and their relation to a criminal investigation. Forensic entomology can determine the postmortem interval (PMI) or how long since the descendants’ death, whether the body has been moved since expiring, and what injuries may have been sustained (Ryan, 2011). When decomposition begins, insects establish a colony to lay eggs on the remains; these eggs will hatch into larvae that will eat the human organs and tissues. Forensic entomologists can determine the specific insects present in the body and estimate how long a body has been left exposed by examining the stage of development of the fly larvae; however, these findings are not always plausible. The fly larvae look and act different at each stage of development. The time required for stage development is not only affected by environmental influences such as geographical location, climate, and weather conditions, but also by type of insect. The forensic entomologist must consider these conditions when estimating the postmortem interval. Knowledge of insects, their life cycles, and their habits make entomological evidence a priceless tool for an investigation. Forensic entomology has proved its significance in a number of cases; though circumstances such as weather, temperature, and time of year clearly affect the development of insect infestation, and the expert must keep these in the forefront of his/her mind (Innes, 2000).
...ional Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 24 Jan. 2014. Web. 24 Apr. 2014.
Most of the species from habitat one are Diptera. There was a total of thirteen Diptera’s in habitat one. Cup one had the least amount of individual species with four. Habitat two had more individual species than habitat one. There was a total of seventy-nine species from habitat two. Like in habitat one most of of the arthropods from habitat two were Diptera. The was a total of eighteen Diptera’s in habitat two. Cup six had most of the Diptera’s with thirteen. Orthoptera was second in the number of individuals with sixteen. Orthoporea’s are crickets and