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American Negro Poetry
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Recommended: American Negro Poetry
I Am a Black Poet! When I think of poetry that touched me early in life, I immediately think of authors from the Harlem Renaissance, poets like Countee Cullen, Margaret Walker, Claude McKay, Georgia Douglas Johnson, Jean Toomer, Langston Hughes and Sterling Brown. I was introduced to these poets through an old anthology compiled by Arna Bontemps called American Negro Poetry (first printed in 1963). Later on, in high-school, as I began to get more serious about words, I was really dazzled by James Dickey's collection, Poems 1957-1967 and W.S. Merwin's collection, The Lice. I was captured by the daring inventiveness of Ai's Cruelty and The Killing Floor. Her work with persona poems gave rise to a series of my own persona poems. Then came my fascination with Dien Cai Dau by Yusef Komunyakaa and Cemetery Nights by Stephen Dobyns. Also, there was a collection by David Ignatow entitled Rescue The Dead which, though I've long since lost, I still think about the variety of poems, the humor and soulful honesty. This is just a skeleton of the vast body of works that have influenced my own sense of poetry. If I had to discuss briefly one book that influenced my own writing in important ways -- though there are several -- I would say the anthology, Neruda and Vallejo, edited by Robert Bly really shocked me awake. Pablo Neruda's poems were so enchanted, his sense of fire so finely fit into workds. Cesar Vallejo's ability to cry and laugh at the same time in his poems just squeezed my heart. I realize I was getting these works in translation; nonetheless I loved the tonal range I found in their poetry -- from the unblinkingly political to the surreal, from the lovelorn to the existentially embittered. The poems of this collection really caused me to push harder on the boundaries of my own writing in ways I don't think I can ever entirely explain.
Many writers begin writing and showing literary talent when they are young. Paul Laurence Dunbar, born and raised in Dayton, Ohio, was already editor of a newspaper and had had two of his poems published in the local newspaper before he’d graduated from high school. His classmate, Orville Wright, printed The Tattler which Dunbar edited and published for the local African American community. After graduating from high school, he was forced to get a job as an elevator operator which allowed him spare time for writing. He finally gained recognition outside of Dayton when, in 1892, he was invited to address the Western Association of Writers and met James Newton Matthews who praised his work in a letter to an Illinois newspaper. In 1892, he decided to publish his first book of poems entitled Oak and Ivy and four years later his second book of poems Majors and Minors was published. People began to see him as a symbol for his race, and he was thought of artistically as “a happy-go-lucky, singing, shuffling, banjo-picking being… in a log cabin amid fields of cotton” (Dunbar, AAW 2). Dunbar’s poems, written alternately in literary and dialect English, are about love, death, music, laughter, human frailty, and though Dunbar tried to mute themes of social protest, social commentary on racial themes is present in his poetry.
Many authors write poems based on experience. During a major event, such as war, authors have feelings that they want to express. African American authors were not able to express themselves throughout slavery and war. It would have been a dangerous thing to do. Therefore, they used music, writings, writing poems and stories was the best way to put out their situations.
One of the most destructive forces that is destroying young black people in America today is the common cultures wicked image of what an realistic black person is supposed to look like and how that person is supposed to act. African Americans have been struggling for equality since the birth of this land, and the war is very strong. Have you ever been in a situation where you were stereotyped against?
During the time period of the emancipation proclamation multiple black authors were becoming educated enough to write works of poetry. Such works have influenced and persuaded the minds of white people all over America to this very day. It also gave their own people a work of art to turn to for their own history. The poets have ventured into modern day eras also, and still have the same topics at hand. The main idea of these poetry pieces was on their ancestors in Africa but also of course of the modern problem of slavery. Langston Hughes was the first influential black poet. Lucille Clifton and Colleen McElroy are modern poets but is a black woman who has other views on slavery but also very similar looks on their historical past. All of the poets all mentioned their historical background in Africa. Langston Hughes, Lucille Clifton, and Colleen McElroy all wrote about their ancestors and of slavery, and some of the same references were of the rivers, and the connection between the people even though they are literally worlds apart; a difference between the poems was the desire for freedom and the freedom that was already existing in the modern day poetry of Lucille Clifton and Colleen McElroy.
“Poetry is the rhythmical creation of beauty in words.” –Edgar Allan Poe. Poetry is one of the world’s greatest wonders. It is a way to tell a story, raise awareness of a social or political issue, an expression of emotions, an outlet, and last but not least it is an art. Famous poet Langston Hughes uses his poetry as a musical art form to raise awareness of social injustices towards African-Americans during the time of the Harlem Renaissance. Although many poets share similarities with one another, Hughes creatively crafted his poetry in a way that was only unique to him during the 1920’s. He implemented different techniques and styles in his poetry that not only helped him excel during the 1920’s, but has also kept him relative in modern times. Famous poems of his such as a “Dream Deferred,” and “I, Too, Sing America” are still being studied and discussed today. Due to the cultural and historical events occurring during the 1920’s Langston Hughes was able to implement unique writing characteristics such as such as irregular use of form, cultural and historical referenced themes and musical influences such as Jazz and the blues that is demonstrative of his writing style. Langston Hughes use of distinct characteristics such as irregular use of form, cultural and historical referenced themes and musical influences such as Jazz and the blues helped highlight the plights of African-Americans during the Harlem Renaissance Era.
As I have explicated each of these poems I can say that they all have enhanced my knowledge. I didn’t know that poetry had so many elements to it; but, I find myself feeling intrigued. Irony, style and tone played a significant part in my understanding of the poems. The tone of some of the poems helped me to get a better understanding of the author’s attitude towards the subject. Collectively, all of the poems have explained what poetry is. Poetry is so broad; and there are many approaches you could take to create meaningful poetry, and that’s what makes poetry so exquisite and
The first poem that I chose was by the poet Julia Alvarez titled “Queens, 1963” this told the story of a family that has moved into in Queens, NY. The writer and narrator of this story is from the Dominican Republic. One year has passed for the family to finally settle into the neighborhood. This time an African American family has moved right across the street. The young girl notices how her neighbors have not treated this family with kindness and respect. More police have been seen patrolling through the neighborhood. When reading this poem my initial thoughts were that “Queens, 1963” describes the American people's behavior towards foreigners and their reactions. Alvarez states, “Mr. Scott, the retired plumber, and his plump Midwestern wife, considered moving back home, where white and black got along by staying where they belonged.” (Alvarez, pp 952) It will take another year and another family that will move into their neighborhood, than once the African American family settles in another family will be placed under the same scrutiny.
During the Harlem Renaissance, many African Americans expressed their feelings through art, one form of art being the writing of poetry. Poetry allows a writer to be inattentive to what others think. It allows the reader to freely express his beliefs without having to consider opinions about their piece of art. That leads to readers gaining their own opinions. It can also lead to poets having different opinions as well. Two poets, in particular, Countee Cullen and Langston Hughes, both famous African American poets, have different styles of writing. Countee Cullen a poet who stongly epressexed his feelings in complex ways. He loved using nature a symbol to his poems. Langston
The three sources I have selected are all based on females. They are all of change and transformation. Two of my selections, "The Friday Everything Changed" by Anne Hart, and "Women and World War II " By Dr. Sharon, are about women’s rites of passage. The third choice, "The sun is Burning Gases (Loss of a Good Friend)" by Cathleen McFarland is about a girl growing up.
Out of all of the poems we read, personally “They Feed They Lion” by Philip Levine stuck with me the most. Ironically, this was the poem I probably had the most difficulty understanding but after analyzing it and attempting to make sense of it, I became very transfixed on the style and eloquence of the work.
The Norton Anthology of Poetry, ed. Margaret Ferguson, Mary Jo Salter, Jon Stallworthy, 5th edn (London: W. W. Norton & Company, 2005)
I have learned a lot from this poetry project. It has given me a much more complex view of literature, especially poetry. Poetry allows writers to use less conventional methods of writing traditional literature to expound upon ideas or tell stories. Langton Hughes’ poem “Cross” is a perfect example of that.
2) Cut a length of wire over a meter long and sellotape to a meter
Types of Production Primary - This is the sector that involves the harvest of raw materials For example in the chocolate industry, this is the stage where sugar and coco beans are collected Secondary - This is the sector that involves manufacturing of chocolate products For example in the chocolate industry, this is the stage where the coco beans are crushed and sugar is added Tertiary - This is the sector that involves the sale of the finished chocolates For example in the chocolate industry, this is the stage where the products are sold Here is a diagram to illustrate the stages in the chain of production primary,secondary,Tertiary Task 2 - Methods of Production =