These resistance movements, Oka, Gustafsen Lake, and Burnt Church each had their own reasons as to why they started, and how the First Nations people fought for what they believed in. They fought for their rights to fish, to keep their sacred land safe and to be able to use sacred land for their Sun Dances. These resistances were between the First Nations people and the non-First Nations people, the Oka resistance was the Mohawk people and they were trying to protect their lands from an impending golf course the town of Oka was going to build. Gustafsen Lake was the Ts’Peten people and their use of land for their Sun Dance. The Burnt Church Resistance was the Mi’kmaq people and their use of fisheries in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. These resistances each had their own history as to why they started, which eventually lead up to a conflict between the First Nations and the non-First Nations. Each groups fought for what they believed in and for their own purpose. The Oka resistance was between July 1990 and September 1990, Gustafsen Lake resistance was August 18 to September 17, 1995 and the Burnt Church resistance was in 2000. These First Nations Resistances each had their own causes as to why they started, what happened during the resistances, and what the outcome was, whether they had the right motives to fight for what they believed in.
The Oka resistance was the Mohawk people fighting for their lands from an expansion of a golf course that the town of Oka was going to construct. The Mohawk people had “refer(ed) to themselves as Kanienkehaka (people of the flint)” and are one of the nations of the Six Nations Iroquois Confederacy. The town Oka was planning to extend the gold course to eighteen holes and they were also plannin...
... middle of paper ...
...ion of justice, firearms, violations, and/or participating in a riot,” Another outcome that came of the crisis was that “the golf course will not expand into “The Pines,” (Pertusati, 1997). But still the Mohawk people and the government have not come to terms about the land, “little progress has been made to address the issues of land rights and nationhood which prompted the Mohawk uprising,” (Pertusati, 1997). This outcome was a good thing for the Mohawk people because the land does not get to be turned into a golf course and they can keep it sacred and protect it.
Gustafsen Lake was another crisis that had happened between the First Nation’s people and the Non-First Nations, the Ts’Peten people of this area had wanted to practise and do their Sun Dance on “burial grounds believed to be near it were discovered through visions of Percy Rosette,” (Shrubsole, 2011).
The Mohawk warriors were peaceful protestors, and succeeded in protecting their land. They resisted great pain and suffering and were rewarded for their sacrifice.
The Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS-2) is a revision of the Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (CMAS) created by Cecil Reynolds and Bert Richmond in 1985 (Reynolds & Richmond, 2008). The RCMAS-2 includes an updated standardization sample, improved psychometrics, and broadened content (Reynolds & Richmond, 2008). Although these revisions occurred, the brevity, elementary reading level, and content-based item clusters were retained, offering an updated and effective tool for understanding and treating anxiety in school-aged children (Reynolds & Richmond, 2008).
According to tribal legend, “when the life force of the universe first called into earth, the ancient forebears of the Quapaw people were adrift in the froth of the sea. In time, they say, the breath of the sky set them ashore on the glistening coast.” Tradition, as well as historical and archeological evidence says that these tribes of people were wandering the Ohio Valley well before the 15th century. The Quapaw Tribe of Indians, also known as the O-Gah-Pah, or several other translations of the word which in general terms means “downstream people” or the “ones from downstream”, along with their Dhegiha Sioux kinsmen (the Osage, Ponca, Kansa, and Omaha) attained a cultural level of excellence that was only surpassed by the tribes in central Mexico and Peru. The Quapaw Tribe of Indians, history, culture, values, strength, and perseverance have allowed them to stay united as a tribe and sets them apart from other Indian tribes, although they deserve a better fate (Baird “The Quapaw People” 2).
The Oka Uprising was initially a peaceful protest over the expansion of a golf course on Mohawk territory that turned violent after Quebec’s provincial police, the Sûreté du Québec, responded to the protest with tear gas and flash-bang grenades, eventually escalating to a gun battle between protesters and police. Years after the stand-off, revisionist military historians have praised the Canadian military for avoiding bloodshed because of their “personal commitment [and] calm and attentive approach to native reality,” in which they ought to be commended for “carrying the burden of peace” (Conradi 548). However, Robinson rejects this notion and instead proposes a re-imagining of the Oka conflict through the “adjustment” of First Nations people who fought at Oka with the “bombing of the last Canadian reserve” (Robinson 211). Through “carrying the burden of peace” the Officers are given the power to destroy any semblance of Indigenous tradition, such as the potlatch, and to violently corral all First Nations people to sectioned off “Urban Reserves”. By disrupting popular Canadian perception of law enforcement Robinson succeeds in creating a dystopian image of corrupted power that allows readers to sympathize with the subjection of First Nations people of
AIM was the first Native American group to realize that their message would not be heard with just words. Their words had gone unheard for too long, and it was time to take action. The need to take action stemmed from the way in which Native Americans were forced to live on a daily basis. Native Americans were forced to live on government appointed lands, and many of them lived in squalor. They felt that this country was rightfully theirs, and wanted an equal opportunity to be able to live where they pleased. Also, they were constantly discriminated against. Many stores and establishments had signs that read “No Indians Allowed.” AIM would go to these places and protest openly, sometimes getting violent. Many acts of violence and murder also occurred on reservation lands against Native Americans, and the white men who committed the crimes would receive a light sentence in court, sometimes not even be punished at all. Examples such as these show how the time was ripe for a movement such as AIM to be born.
In comparison to other slaves that are discussed over time, Olaudah Equiano truly does lead an ‘interesting’ life. While his time as a slave was very poor there are certainly other slaves that he mentions that received far more damaging treatment than he did. In turn this inspires him to fight for the abolishment of slavery. By pointing out both negative and positive events that occurred, the treatment he received from all of his masters, the impact that religion had on his life and how abolishing slavery could benefit the future of everyone as a whole; Equiano develops a compelling argument that does help aid the battle against slavery. For Olaudah Equiano’s life journey expressed an array of cruelties that came with living the life of an
This paper will look into the historical factors and circumstances that led to the Red River Resistance. The Red River Resistance were the major conflict happened from 1869 to 1871, right after the confederation of Canada. The two parties that had conflict of interests were the Canadian government and the Metis. The Metis were the decedents of English and French and Aboriginal people. Over the years, they had developed their own social code and culture, in some level, isolated them from the mainstream Caucasian society. The Canadian government considered the Metis “violent, uncivilized, and a major deterrent to European settlement”, which meant that they had no intention to treat the Metis with
The Native Americans took over an island and the United States took out the individuals’ who refused to abandon the island.
Wounded Knee was originally referred as a war, but in reality it was a tragic and avoidable massacre, the American Indian Movement (AIM) was founded in 1968 in an effort to stop police harassment of Indians in the Minneapolis area, however many mainstream
The Great Pueblo revolt of 1680 all started with the droughts of 1660 when the Southwest had severe drought that brought famine and disease. During this, hungry Apaches who couldn’t find food on plains attacked the pueblos. This angered the people on the pueblos, but there new leader Pope’, a mysterious medicine doctor, tried to keep the Indian beliefs around and resisted the Christian religion. The Spaniards hated this, so they captured his older brother. This enraged Pope’ against the Spaniards so he held meetings to tell everybody that the Spaniards must leave. The Spaniards found out about this and arrested Pope, publicly flogged him and released him back to the pueblos. When he was captured, the pueblo people set fires in the Indian villages in New Mexico. To take care of the fires, the Spaniards sent troops to halt the ritual of setting the fires by pueblo people, and they arrested all of the medicine doctors, killing several of them. The people believed that the doctors protected them from evil, so all of the pueblo towns wanted to unite against the Spaniards. The group from the pueblos went to the governor of Santa Fe and told him that if the doctors that were imprisoned weren’t released by sundown, all of the Spaniards in New Mexico would be killed. They released the prisoners because the Indians outnumber the Spaniards by a huge amount.
In the 1800’s Indians were basically kicked out of their: home, land, territory, that resigned in the west. By basically being in tricked into signing a form saying they would get their land back in the future. The current president at the time Andrew Jackson got the Indians to sign the treaties, which basically made them leave the west. Soon after the Supreme Court decided that Indians could not hold titles to land. Tribes try to resist as much as they could, without violence. In 1830 Andrew Jackson created the Indian removal act. Which meant that Indians could move east and give their land up in the west. It was supposed to be peaceful, however the Indians resisted. So, Americans forced them to leave. Some Indians however decided to stay, but that did not sit well with many Americans.
In the town of Flatwater, tensions run high amongst the white farmers and the local Native Americans. Racism is abundant between the two groups, both taking shots at the other. In regards to this situation Robbins, S. P., Chatterjee, P., & Canda, E. R. (2011) theory of Endogenous Conflict, which is when conflict happens within a group or community. Robbins, S. P., Chatterjee, P., & Canda, E. R. (2011) states “It includes conflicts over changes, values, the distribution of desired resources, and authority” (pp. 61). The Indians are fighting with the farmers and the government over getting the rights back to their tribal land. The farmers are fighting with the Indians because they do not want to lose their land, which is their livelihood
Resistance by the Cherokee was in the form of setting up their own government. They formed the government with Chief John Ross acting as the supreme head of the lands and based their laws on the United States constitution (Perdue & Michael 41). In this regard, their resistance was a lawful one. On
After losing the Indian Wars of the 1870s, the United States created several smaller reservations for the Native populations and the government confiscated 7.7 million acres of the Sioux’s sacred Black Hills. The government assigned the Oglala to live on the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota. In the 1900s, the U.S. Supreme Court ordered the federal government to pay the Sioux tribes millions of dollars in compensation for illegally taking the Black Hill, but the Oglala’s desire to have the Black Hills returned to them remains strong and they refuse to accept settlement money.11
Resistance to authority is part of what helped to form the great nation that we live in today, The resistance to the King and their oppressive laws helped to create the laws that we recognize and live with today. This resistance started peacefully but eventually led to a war that tore the British Colonies of America apart before creating the United States of America. Similar to today, there was undoubtedly resistance to this protest, even when it was peaceful. Today, it seems we are constantly hearing about protests happening across the country. Often the protest start peacefully and with good intentions, but it seems to be increasingly common to have these protests turn violent and destructive. It is during these times of destruction that