The use of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been increasing in recent years as the demand for electronic screens and efficient lighting has increased. The first organic LED was invented in the 1950’s and has been researched extensively since then. In the electronics sector, OLED screens have become a common occurrence due to their low power use, which is important in mobile phones, and in televisions where OLEDs can produce the near black images movie buffs demand. Using current manufacturing techniques, OLEDs are set to take the future of what we look at every day to the next level.
The idea behind an organic material which could emit a source of light was first discovered by André Bernanos from the Nancy-Université in the early 1950’s. Bernanos’ work was furthered by Martin Pope at New York University in 1960 where the researchers developed a method to inject an electrode into organic crystals. Under a vacuum, they found that the crystals were electroluminescence when a direct current was applied [1]. These original OLEDs were plagued by the necessarily high voltage required for light to be emitted. This was remedied in 1987 when two researchers, C.W. Tang and S.A. Vandyke, from Eastman-Kodak developed the first diode like device using a two layer design. The design was achieved by using a vapor deposition method to produce the two thin organic layers. Tang and Vandyke’s breakthrough allowed the diodes to emit light for at a much lower operating voltage and the ability for the newly created OLEDs to move from the research lab to the consumer market [2].
OLEDs are very similar to the traditional LED in that they both are considered to be a semiconductor device with either two or three layers of organic material. The...
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...for mobile devices and the lighting in homes and businesses. To make these future lights, manufactures create thin semiconductor films and dope the organic layers with different compounds to generate pixels which can emit different colored light. OLEDs have come a long way since their basic inception in the 1950s and the future only knows how far they will go.
Works Cited
[1] http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jcp/32/1/10.1063/1.1700925
[2] http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/51/12/10.1063/1.98799
[3] http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/oled1.htm
[4] http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pola.1266/pdf
[5] http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ma011155%2B
[6] Materials Science and Engineering by Callister, 8th Edition
[7] http://www.technologyreview.com/news/521656/ink-jet-printing-could-be-the-key-to- next-generation-oled-displays/
Absorbance was defined as: log I_o/I where I_o is incident light and I is the transmitted light. Fluorescence emission spectrum is different from fluorescence excitation spectrum because it records different wavelengths of chemical s...
In 1895, Professor Wilhelm C. Roentgen, a German physicist, was working with a cathode ray tube, much like our fluorescent light bulb. The tube consisted of positive and negative electrodes encapsulated in a glass envelope. On November 8, 1895, Roentgen was conducting experiments in his lab on the effects of cathode rays. He evacuated all the air from the tube and passed a high electric voltage through it after filling it with a special gas. When he did this, the tube began to give off a fluorescent glow. Roentgen then shielded the tube with heavy black paper and discovered a green colored fluorescent light could be seen coming from a screen located a few feet away from the tube.
Light Olefins such as ethylene and propylene are extremely important chemical intermediates, produced through cracking of various hydrocarbon feeds, which are used to produce a wide range of chemical products, such as various polymers, as well as a wide range of smaller chemicals. After cracking, olefin molecules need to be separated from their corresponding paraffin molecules.
One of these new innovations is glow in the dark road markings. This new technology uses solar power obtained from the road throughout the day to “charge” the photo-luminising powder that is the glow in the dark lights. Expensive lighting will be replaced with this more cost efficient option that can glow up to eight hours a night. This innovation can already be found on the N329 highway in Oss, Netherlands. Other advancements in lighting to come include wind powered lights and interactive lights. Wind powered street lights will be powered by the gusts of wind created when a car passes by, reducing the need to burn fossil fuels to power the lights. Interactive lights will be turned off but as a car approaches they light up, then fade back away as the car passes by. Smart new technology has the future of roadway systems
Rasmussen, T.; Jensen, J. F.; Ostergaard, N.; Tanner, D.; Ziegler, T.; Norrby, P. Chem. Eur. J., 2002, 8, 177.
For new or retrofit construction, every choice can lead to energy savings; energy that is derived primarily from fossil fuels. The typical household LED replacement for a 60w light lasts about 50,000 hours. Pretending that an incandescent could also last that long, it would consume about 3,000 kilowatt-hours (kWh) of energy whereas the LE...
Controlling chemiluminescent light was how Omniglow Incorporated became the first company to produce light sticks. In 1986, when the first light stick was invented, scientists thought they could make a lot of money selling light sticks. However, since they had to make light sticks by hand, it was harder for them to produce very many of them. Until machines were invented to make light sticks, it cost too much money to make them by hand.
Thin solid films were probably first obtained in 1838 by electrolysis. They were systematically prepared by Faraday in 1857.
Philips made a strong push to developing new technologies starting in the 1950s and 1960s. Upon doing so, the company also wanted to translate these technologies into products while adapting, producing, and selling these products within individual national markets. During this time period, most of the companies in the electrical products market were bring formed and racing to diversify. However, Philips decided to stick with what they knew best. They made only light-bulbs. In doing so, their strong focus enabled the company to create significant innovations. Continuing on, Philips also became a leader in industrial research by creating physics and chemistry labs to address both production and scientific problems. The labs developed a tungsten metal filament bulb that brought great commercial success. Philips simple structure and significant innovations gave them the financial support they needed to compete in a time period where competitors were seeking major growth.
Lauginie, P. n.d. Drummond Light, Limelight: a Device in its Time. [e-book] Université Paris-Sud, France: Groupe d’Histoire et de Diffusion des Sciences d’Orsay (GHDSO). http://archive.ihpst.net/2013/Procs/Lauginie.pdf [Accessed: 19 Jan 2014].
While LCDs also create pictures by lighting up red, green and yellow pixels, the ...
Steel: (for all intents and purposes) was invented in 1855 by Henry Bessemer(Mary Bellis). Science the amazing innovation that has changed the world incredible things have been made from the material from bridged cables and cross beams to arresting wires on aircraft carriers that stop monumental force and speed. It is truly an amazing martial, but eventually it snaps, breaks or tears due to the separation of the molecules. Also steel is not the most flexible material there is which may sound good for what it is used for, construction. You wouldn’t want the floor to shift from under but, what about in areas that have a consent threat of earthquakes having a material that is rigid when needed and flexible when needed would be an invaluable asset to construction companies in many countries. Also at $600-$900 per ton(Platts Mcgraw hill financial) it isn’t the most inexpensive material that could be chosen. Chemically is there a better material that could be used in the place of steel that is stronger more flexible and can be produced for a cheaper price than the normal steel that we use today? First, the choice of spider silk seems like a great choice. Mother nature seems to be the greatest designer of all made of different sections of proteins of extremely ridged and at the same time extremely elastic strings of proteins, that when braided together are 5 times stronger than steel and relatively free to produce as long as the spiders are kept healthy. What makes the proteins so strong? They are linked together almost like thousands of Lego’s linked together which by its self does not sound very strong, but just take 3 and pull length wise and try to pull them apart, it's almost impossible. The same concept is used in the spider's silk...
Plontke, R. (2003, March 13). Chemnitz UT. TU Chemnitz: - Technische Universität Chemnitz. Retrieved April 1, 2014, from http://www.tu-chemnitz.de/en/
Thomas Alva Edison is a very well-known American inventor. He invented about 1093 devices that influenced us greatly, such as light bulb, microphone, telephone receiver, universal stock ticker, phonograph, kinetoscope (used to view moving pictures), storage battery, electric pen, and mimeograph. Edison also improved many other existing devices as well. In the period from 1878 to 1880, Thomas Edison began serious research into developing a practical incandescent lamp. Edison and his associates worked on at least three thousand different theories to develop an efficient incandescent lamp. In 1878, Edison built his first high resistance incandescent electric light. Incandescent lamps make light by using electricity to heat a thin strip of material (called a filament) until it gets hot enough to glow. Many inventors had tried to perfect incandescent lamps to "sub-divide" electric light or make it smaller and weaker than it was in the existing arc lamps, which were too bright to be used for small spaces such as the rooms of a house.Edison's lamp would consist of a filament ho...
Larson, Rasmus. 5 Display Technologies of the Future. 20 November 2012. 21 November 2013 .