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Gender roles in th 19th century
Gender roles in th 19th century
Gender roles in th 19th century
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In the late nineteenth century, women’s focus was solely on the social aspect of life. Women were brought up in a time where their lives revolved around finding a rich husband, getting in with the right social circles, and maintaining the beautiful physique that was society’s norm and expectations. In the novel The House of Mirth by Edith Wharton, Lily Bart fights internal battles to try make her dreams come true. Lily is ultimately her own downfall; being overly concerned with her social status and what society expects from a woman in this time period, and while battling her heart to decide her fate, she ends up destroying her dreams instead of fulfilling them. Lily Bart’s mother set an idea in Lily’s head from a young age; the idea that she only had to be beautiful to succeed in life. Growing up, her mother taught her that her …show more content…
Women were not supposed to work, they were to find a husband, have children and take care of the household. The task of working fell to the men. The upper class was highly esteemed in the culture and Lily’s goal was to become a well respected socialite. She spent her money on upper class niceties, such as dresses, shoes and jewels, trying to fit in. She lost a lot of money in the game of bridge, a common game for the upper class women to play, mainly because they could afford it. But Lily, in fact, could not. She went into debt trying to fit in, and had to rely on other people to pull her out of it. She paid off her gambling debts herself, but needed Mrs. Peniston to pay off her clothing debts. Lily did not take her debts lightly. She knew they were serious and she did not want to be know for being it debt. “That walk she did not mean to miss; one glance at the bills on her writing-table was enough to recall its necessity. (Wharton 5)” Lily tried to become someone she was not and suffered the consequences of her
Here there could be no mistaking the predominance of personality—the unanimous "Oh!" of the spectators was a tribute, not to the brush-work of Reynolds 's "Mrs. Lloyd" but to the flesh and blood loveliness of Lily Bart. She had shown her artistic intelligence in selecting a type so like her own that she could embody the person represented without ceasing to be herself. It was as though she had stepped, not out of, but into, Reynolds 's canvas, banishing the phantom of his dead beauty by the beams of her living grace. The impulse to show herself in a splendid setting—she had thought for a moment of representing Tiepolo 's Cleopatra—had yielded to the truer instinct of trusting to her unassisted beauty, and she had purposely chosen a picture
My favorite thing about this passage is that even then there was still some type of woman empowerment, even if it was rare. That she didn’t encourage her or tell her to just stay in the house. Lily’s teacher says this to her when Lily hints that she wants to be a hairdresser. This is significant because it shows that Lily’s self-esteem is low from living with T. Ray (her father). After Mrs. Henry says this to Lily, Lily
The lives we lead and the type of character we possess are said to be individual decisions. Yet from early stages in our life, our character is shaped by the values, customs and mindsets of those who surround us. The characteristics of this environment affect the way we think and behave ultimately shaping us into a product of the environment we are raised in. Lily Bart, the protagonist in Edith Wharton’s The House of Mirth, is an exceedingly beautiful bachelorette who grows up accustomed to living a life of luxury amongst New York City’s upper-class in the 20th century. When her family goes bankrupt, Lily is left searching for security and stability, both of which, she is taught can be only be attained through a wealthy marriage. Although, Lily is ashamed of her society’s tendencies, she is afraid that the values taught in her upbringing shaped her into “an organism so helpless outside of its narrow range” (Wharton 423). For Lily, it comes down to a choice between two antagonistic forces: the life she desires with a happiness, freedom and love and the life she was cut out to live with wealth, prestige and power. Although, Lily’s upbringing conditioned her to desire wealth and prestige, Lily’s more significant desires happiness, freedom and love ultimately allow her to break free.
In society, there has always been a gap between men and women. Women are generally expected to be homebodies, and seen as inferior to their husbands. The man is always correct, as he is more educated, and a woman must respect the man as they provide for the woman’s life. During the Victorian Era, women were very accommodating to fit the “house wife” stereotype. Women were to be a representation of love, purity and family; abandoning this stereotype would be seen as churlish living and a depredation of family status. Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story "The Yellow Wallpaper" and Henry Isben’s play A Doll's House depict women in the Victorian Era who were very much menial to their husbands. Nora Helmer, the protagonist in A Doll’s House and the narrator in “The Yellow Wallpaper” both prove that living in complete inferiority to others is unhealthy as one must live for them self. However, attempts to obtain such desired freedom during the Victorian Era only end in complications.
In the Victorian era, in New York City, men and women roles within the society were as different as night and day. A man regardless of his extra curricular activities could still maintain a very prevalent place in society. A woman’s worth was not only based family name which distinguished her class and worth, but also her profession if that was applicable.
During the Victorian Era, society had idealized expectations that all members of their culture were supposedly striving to accomplish. These conditions were partially a result of the development of middle class practices during the “industrial revolution… [which moved] men outside the home… [into] the harsh business and industrial world, [while] women were left in the relatively unvarying and sheltered environments of their homes” (Brannon 161). This division of genders created the ‘Doctrine of Two Spheres’ where men were active in the public Sphere of Influence, and women were limited to the domestic private Sphere of Influence. Both genders endured considerable pressure to conform to the idealized status of becoming either a masculine ‘English Gentleman’ or a feminine ‘True Woman’. The characteristics required women to be “passive, dependent, pure, refined, and delicate; [while] men were active, independent, coarse …strong [and intelligent]” (Brannon 162). Many children's novels utilized these gendere...
The nineteenth century was not an optimal time. Although we may look at the past through romantic ideal, we are truly only seeing it through rose colored glass. For women, especially the narrator in The Yellow Wallpaper, this was a time of hardship and oppression, just simply because they were women. They lived under the rule of man, and we taught to obey. Women were never to stray, never to have a free thought. That is why if a woman ever thought it right that she might be able to live her own life, she was called absurd, and told to continue to simply serve. A woman wasn’t a human in the nineteenth century, they were servants.
Gray begins with his argument by explaining the roles of women and men, both in lower class families and in the noble houses, focusing on their submissive roles. "The busy housewife [plies] her evening care," minding the children until "their sire's return" from a hard day of work (lines 22-23). Gray depicts the work of a lower class male as a ploughman, working from morning until night at his useful toil, without ambition and wit...
Sometimes trying to conform to society’s expectations becomes extremely overwhelming, especially if you’re a woman. Not until recent years have woman become much more independent and to some extent equalized to men. However going back to the 19th century, women were much more restrained. From the beginning we perceive the narrator as an imaginative woman, in tune with her surroundings. The narrator is undoubtedly a very intellectual woman. Conversely, she lives in a society which views women who demonstrate intellectual potential as eccentric, strange, or as in this situation, ill. She is made to believe by her husband and physician that she has “temporary nervous depression --a slight hysterical tendency” and should restrain herself from any intellectual exercises in order to get well (Gilman 487). The narrator was not allowed to write or in any way freely...
Ellen challenges society’s moral values and the common ways for the women during this time. Ellen exhibits characteristics of a woman with freedom, she wears that she wants, when she wants , and she even leaves her husband; In spite of the criticism to come . Ellen chooses to live her life happily and not let the assumptions and tactics of the society , change her outlook on life. Unlike the other women in society , Ellen knew everything and expected noting; she was so much more aware than the other women in the society, Ellen wanted to earn everything she had. Wharton mentions the other women in society by saying “ The terrifying product of the social system [they] belonged to and believed in , the young girl who knew nothing and expected everything…(41)”. This quote represents the moral simplicity of Ellen’s life compared to the morals of others in the society. The moral values that society has established are engraved in the women so clearly, that they don’t even realize their lack of
Many women in modern society make life altering decisions on a daily basis. Women today have prestigious and powerful careers unlike in earlier eras. It is more common for women to be full time employees than homemakers. In 1879, when Henrik Ibsen wrote A Doll's House, there was great controversy over the out come of the play. Nora’s walking out on her husband and children was appalling to many audiences centuries ago. Divorce was unspoken, and a very uncommon occurrence. As years go by, society’s opinions on family situations change. No longer do women have a “housewife” reputation to live by and there are all types of family situations. After many years of emotional neglect, and overwhelming control, Nora finds herself leaving her family. Today, it could be said that Nora’s decision is very rational and well overdue.
During this era, women’s roles changed greatly as the new high social class females called the “flappers,” developed. The flappers set ideal qualities such as beauty for a woman that high class men such as Gatsby sought after. The flappers in exchange for their beauty wanted access to the material wealth from the men. Fitzgerald shows the influence that American capitalism had over this development in women through Daisy’s relationship with Tom and Gatsby. American capitalism dictates relationships, “Even in the early stages of their relationship, part of his attraction to Daisy arises from his considering factors akin to the laws of supply and demand that influence a commodity’s price” (Little). Daisy’s reason for marrying Tom Buchanan was only so she could gain the riches that Tom possessed. While Tom’s purpose was to care for Daisy in order to keep her by his side to maintain his social appearance. This social exchange forms a perception that women were nothing but extravagant economic tools for men. As both men and women desired the economic benefits of the other, the social aspects of marriage became more about greatening each other’s social status instead of one 's pursuit of love and happiness. However, since Tom is part of the old rich, the new American social marriage belief does not affect him greatly as it does with the new rising rich class because to the old rich this is very similar to their usual marriage traditions. Evidence as Tom says to his new baby girl, “I hope she will be a fool – that is the best thing a girl can be in this world” (Fitzgerald 17). This is an indication that females should stick to their roles as being social tools for their husbands. Because female involvement outside social issues meant that husbands were
During the 19th century middle to upper class women were faced with dichotomous roles. On one hand they were expected to be idle, fragile, not engaged in intellectual activities outside of the home. On the opposite hand these same women were expected to withstand the vagaries that were common during the 19th century such as the death of their husband or a reversal of their financial situation(i). This contradiction of roles bore heavily on women who often lacked power or control over their own lives(ii).
The literary titles by Frances Power Cobbe, Sarah Stickney Ellis, Charlotte Bronte, Anne Bronte, John Henry Cardinal Newman, Sir Henry Newbolt, and Caroline Norton reveal society's view on women and men during the Victorian era. Throughout the Victorian era, women were treated as inferior and typically reduced to roles as mothers and wives. Some women, however, were fortunate to become governesses or schoolteachers. Nevertheless, these educated women were still at the mercy of men. Males dominated the opinions of women, and limited their influence in society. From an early age, young men were trained to be dominant figures and protectors over their home and country. Not until after World War I would women have some of these same opportunities as men.
Charlotte Brontë composed her novel Jane Eyre during the Victorian era; a period of history where Patriarchy set the expectations of men and women. The effect of this social system resulted in women suffering discrimination simply because of their gender. Sigmund Freud, in his essay entitled, “The Relation of the Poet to Day-Dreaming,” articulated that women were only capable of having erotic wishes dominate their “phantasies,” and even their ambitious “phantasies” were rooted in erotic wishes (177). The predominating thought concerning women during this era was that, due to their nature, longed to marry—tending to the needs of her household. Those who were not fortunate enough to marry (due to appearance or social status) were to become governesses. Ms. Brontë, through her protagonist Jane Eyre, clearly depicts the struggles of an indigent young woman who is forced into near slavery. This tale is articulated well by Adrienne Rich in her essay entitled, “Jane Eyre: The Temptations of a Motherless Woman,” when she states that Jane wants to “choose her life with dignity, integrity, and pride” (471). Even though Charlotte Brontë depicts a woman who will not be bound by the mores of her society, she is not so exuberant as to have her protagonist proclaim “I am woman, hear me roar.” The toning down of Jane’s demeanor can be attributed to satisfaction of the critics, but Brontë also expresses that the societal expectations, or the patriarchal rights of men, produced a similar negative effect on men. From John Reed and his self-righteous attitude, to Rochester’s internal battle in regards to the treatment of women, Charlotte Brontë demonstrates that sexism—inherent in a patriarchal society—has an adverse affect on both men and women.