Introduction
Lag time, is the time accumulated when the source message starts and the target message is relayed in the target language, and has challenged me as an interpreter. During practicum, where students apply our skills as interpreters-in-training I was forced to address the challenges I face with lag time. I was curious about the reasons that this was affecting my work. Therefore, I have chosen to focus the correlation between message accuracy and the errors that occur depending on the amount of lag time. For novice interpreters leaving the comforts of the controlled interpreting settings staged in the classroom can be scary. I feel that as we begin to venture out into the world outside of the classroom, maintaining an appropriate amount of lag time while interpreting is challenging, but one that can be overcome.
Understanding the affects of lag time on successful interpretation can help the field of interpreting in developing strategies and learning tools to resolve and/or minimize issues of lag time. These strategies and tools can also be utilized in interpreting education programs to help students identify and strengthen their use of lag time. By addressing these issues in interpreting programs, students will more easily acclimate from the classroom to working in the field of interpreting.
Demands of lag time
Cokely (1992) states that there are a variety of processing models used to help understand the process of interpreting. However, while the variety of process models have subtle differences in factors and characteristics, these models share a view that interpreting is a “complex cognitive process” (p.185). The basic interpretation process model depends upon input of the source language over which the interpre...
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...on: A Sociolinguistic Model. (pp.185-208). Burtonsville: Linstok Press.
Gany, F., Kapelusznik, L., Prakash, K., Gonzalez, J., Orta, L. Y., Chi-Hong, T., & Changrani, J. (2007). The impact of medical interpretation method on time and errors. JGIM: Journal of General Internal Medicine, 22,319-323.
Kopke, B., Nespoulous J. (2006). Working memory performance in expert and novice interpreters. Interpreting: International Journal of Research & Practice in Interpreting, 8(1), 1-23.
Liu, M., Schallert, D. L., & Carroll, P. J. (2004). Working memory and expertise in simultaneous interpreting. Interpreting: International Journal of Research & Practice in Interpreting, 6(1), 19-42.
Petite, C. (2005). Evidence of repair mechanisms in simultaneous interpreting: A corpus-based analysis. Interpreting: International Journal of Research & Practice in Interpreting, 7(1), 27-49.
They also aimed dissociate these cognitive processes based on their understanding to the investigational operation of working memory load which is displayed in study one and then they focused on age related changes in study
Everyday there is something that one must interpret whether it is a book, movie, or even the news. One must come to one’s own conclusion about the information they are interpreting. For instance movies are mostly easier to understand then books though the plots may have slight differences.
Labov, W. "Can Reading Failure Be Reversed? A Linguistic Approach to the Question." [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/phono_atlas/RFR.html]. (4/9/97).
In conclusion, Baddeley and Hitch (1974) developed the working memory in response to the multi store model and introduced four mechanisms involved; the phonological loop, visual-spaital sketchpad, episodic buffer and the central executive. The four components are also largely supported by a good wealth of evidence (in Smith, 2007).
According to Baddeley, in 1986, there is a diagram called The Working Memory Model. The definition of working memory is the part of short-term memory that is concerned with immediate conscious perceptual and linguistic processing. In a sense, working memory is the process of consciously memorizing whatever one is focused upon, only being held for a short amount of time. One will not retain this information long, unless it is rehearsed enough to where it will be placed in long term memory. According to Rich Master author of “The Oxford Handbook of Sport and Performance Psychology”, “Working memory processes data via a central executive that directs attention,...
To demonstrate the competency skills expressed in this cover sheet, I have provided three evidence items, the research paper on interpreting in the video relay setting, the research paper on interpreting systems, and the community interpreter resource guide. Together this evidence demonstrates of my ability to discuss state and national interpreter certification as well as the scope and authority of state and federal laws which impact D/deaf people and interpreters.
Revlin, Russell. "Short Term Memory and Working Memory." Cognition: theory and practice. New York, NY: Worth Publishers, 2013. 118-149. Print.
My quest in becoming a GU Master of Art in Interpreting Special student began in undergraduate school, then continued at CCBC, and now as a GU Continuing Education Student. I am ready for the next level of commitment as a MAI Special Student. I know the courses and experiences I will gain are intended to provide me with the necessary mastery of knowledge, techniques, and skills required for entry to professional work in the field of interpretation. With faith and persistence, I know I am a strong candidate for your program.
(c) Learners’ cognitive strategies employed in learning, memorization and comprehension. Different cognitive strategies such as practicing, illustrating
Utilizing the diagnostic tools provided through this course’s curriculum, I was able to compose a diagnostic assessment of my voice interpretation of the video titled How to Beat the Heat. The assessment pointed out my challenges in several areas such as fingerspelling, ASL Lexicons, and rhetorical questions, just to name a few. While this professional development plan will not outline every area of challenge, it will highlight the aforementioned areas as well as a few others.
Interpreting is translating the meaning of spoken English into a complex network of signs that resemble the words and sentence structure used in the English language.(Legal Rights)
Thus, tolerance of ambiguity can be considered as a quality directly connected with one’s personality or one’s cognitive style (Ely, 1989; Ehrman, 1993, 1994). Ehrman (1993) maintains that a person who has tolerance of ambiguity operates at three different levels in learning: intake, tolerance of ambiguity proper, and accommodation. On the first level, tolerance enables learners to receive linguistic input. Students with tolerance of ambiguity can perceive and accept new information even though it involves many unknown elements. The second level involves being able “to hold contradictory or incomplete information without either rejecting one of the contradictory elements or coming to premature closure on an incomplete schema” (p. 331). At this level, the learner has taken new information in and needs to deal with contradictory or incomplete information (e.g. inferring meanings of unknown vocabulary in an article). The last level involves adapting the self-according to new material. That is, this level entails integrating new information with the existing schemata, restructuring the latter. Ambiguity tolerance could be defined as the degree of acceptance of the cognitive challenge associated with
A. Sue Yoshi & D. M. Hardison (2005). “The Role of Gestures and Facil Cues in Second Language Listening and Comprehension.” Language Learning, 55, 661
The capabilities of the working memory have not been found to be directly related to genetics, education or environments, in fact, researchers are clueless when it comes to where the working memory comes from.
Moses is a factual machine interpretation framework that permits you to consequently prepare interpretation models for any dialect pair. Moses is a usage of measurable (or information driven) methodology to machine interpretation. This is the overwhelming approach in the field right now, and is utilized by the online interpretation framework sent by any semblance of Google and Microsoft. In SMT, Interpretation frameworks are prepared on huge amounts of parallel information. Parallel information is an accumulation of sentences in two separate dialects, which is sentence adjusted, in that each one sentence in one dialect is matched with its relating deciphered sentence in other dialect. It is otherwise called a bitext. The preparation transform in Moses takes in the parallel information and co events of words and sections (known as expression) to construe interpretation correspondences between the two dialects of investment. In expression based machine interpretation, these correspondences are essentially between nonstop successions of word.