LSD: Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
explanatory Essay
631 words
What is LSD? LSD is the most common hallucinogen, and is made from lysergic acid, which is derived from a fungus that grows on rye and other grains. It comes in several different forms, the most common of which is “blotter” paper. Blotter paper is perforated into small squares. LSD also comes as a clear liquid that can be ingested alone or put on a sugar cube or even in the eyes. Sometimes it is also found in thin squares of gelatin . What are some of the street names for LSD? Some of the street names for LSD are acid, rainbow, blotter, cheer, hawk, dots, and window pane. How much is it used? In 2008, 802,000 Americans aged twelve and older abused LSD at least once the year before. 1.3% of 8th graders, 1.8% of 10th graders, and 2.7% of 12th graders had abused it in his or her life . What short term effects can it have? Short term effects of LSD include dilated pupils, higher body temperature, increased heart rate and blood pressure, sweating, loss of appetite, sleeplessness, dry mouth, and tremors. The internal effects and feelings can include feeling more than one emotion at one time, or have rapid emotional swings. Also, the user’s sense of self and time can change. Sometimes, senses can “cross over”, giving the illusion of seeing sounds and hearing colors. If enough LSD is taken, visual hallucinations can occur. What are the long term effects it can have? Some people who have taken LSD experience sudden or unexpected flashbacks (some of the symptoms of taking the drug return), which can happen anywhere from several days to over a year from when the person last took the drug. Is it addictive? Technically, LSD is not considered addictive because it does not produce a physiological need for it. Most people gradually stop use of this drug over time as they grow older and the judgment centers in their brain develop. Is it legal, and what are the consequences of using it? LSD has the federal classification of a Schedule I drug. This means that it is available for doctors to research but is illegal for any other use, and that it has a high potential for abuse. Federal penalties for LSD possession are as follows : 1st offense 2nd offense 3rd offense 1-9 grams when caught In prison 5+ years In prison 10+ years Life imprisonment
In this essay, the author
- Explains that lsd is the most common hallucinogen, and is made from lysergic acid, which is derived from an fungus that grows on rye and other grains.
- Explains that some of the street names for lsd are acid, rainbow, blotter, cheer,
- Explains the short-term effects of lsd include dilated pupils, higher body temperature, increased heart rate and blood pressure, sweating, loss of appetite, sleeplessness, dry mouth, and tremors.
- Explains that some people who have taken lsd experience sudden or unexpected flashbacks, which can happen anywhere from several days to over a year from when the person last took the drug.
- Explains that lsd is not addictive because it does not produce a physiological need for it. most people stop using it as they grow older and the judgment centers in their brain develop.
- Explains that lsd has the federal classification of a schedule i drug, which means it is available for doctors to research but is illegal for any other use.
- Explains that 802,000 americans aged twelve and older abused lsd at least once the year before.
- Describes the drugs of abuse publication, chapter 1 of the united states department of justice.
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- Psilocybinexplanatory essayPsilocybin History Psilocybin first appeared in Native American habitats as long ago as 1000 b.c. but was seriously investigated until 1936. Westerners first discovered the drug and it was first synthesized by Dr. Albert Hoffman in 1958. It was first used as a tool in psychotherapy and the treatment of emotional disorders.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that hallucinogens are no longer used for medical purposes because studies have shown that they do more harm than good.
- Explains that psilocybin is illegal and its possession, use, and sale carry heavy prison sentences and fines and disciplinary consequences.
- Explains that psilocybin's physical effects include nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness, drowsiness, and lack of coordination. relationships with others are affected by its use, just like other drugs.
- Explains that psilocybin is a hallucinogen that is considered gentler and more natural than lsd. mushrooms have been used in religious rituals for thousands of years.
347 wordsRead More - LSD History/Effectsexplanatory essayLSD History/Effects Lysergic acid diethylamide– LSD– comes from lysergic acid which comes from ergot, a fungus found on grains such as rye. This drug was revealed in 1938. LSD causes hallucinations resulting in peoples’ minds functioning differently. People usually tend to “hear” colors and “see” sounds. Some experiences might be enjoyable, but then other “trips” have the potential to be bad.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the cia had done little research on whether or not lsd would actually control the minds of citizens. they wanted to give it to spies or prisoners of war to make them have a flashback which would hopefully lead to the discovery of helpful information from the cold war.
- Opines that the cia did not gain any knowledge of mind control from the use of lsd. they question whether the experiments were scientifically based or just for sick pleasure.
- Explains that the cia thought lsd was an ideal way to control the minds of people because the flashbacks could reveal valuable information.
- Describes the mk-ultra experiment conducted by the cia in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s to find out whether lsd and other mind-altering drugs would control the minds of those who were given it.
- Describes how pont-saint-esprit, france, went through a terrible time when its bread was spiked with lsd. many of the townspeople experienced disturbing hallucinations.
- Explains that lsd, peyote, psilocybin, and pcp are hallucinogens.
1072 wordsRead More - What´s lysergic acid diethylamide?explanatory essayLSD is short for lysergic acid diethylamide.LSD is a hallucinogenic drug. It alters your thoughts and your perception of reality. It was invented by Albert Hofmann on November 16, 1938 in Sandoz laboratories in Basle, Switzerland. Albert thought it could be used as a circulatory and respiratory stimulant, but in 1943 he discovered LSD had very strong hallucinogenic properties. LSD disrupts how your nerve cells and the neurotransmitter serotonin interacts throughout the brain and spinal cord. LSD distorts visual judgment,sensations, moods and feelings. If enough of it is used then hallucinations and delusions can happen.Short term effects of the drug are terrifying thoughts, feelings of despair, fear of losing control, fear of insanity, or even fear of death, hallucinations and delusions. Long term effects of the drug are Flashbacks,severe depression, and a complete loss of contact with reality. Flashbacks can happen a days, weeks, or a years after the last use of LSD. There are no medical uses of Lysergic acid diethylamide and it is illegal to make, posses, and use in the United St...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that lysergic acid diethylamide is a hallucinogenic drug that alters your thoughts and perception of reality.
- Explains the dangers associated with the use of lysergic acid diethylamide, which is the strongest of all the hallucinogenic drugs.
- Explains that the treatment for lsd abuse includes behavior modification, counseling, and psychological treatment. withdrawal symptoms include anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, suicidal thoughts and hallucinogen persisting perception disorder.
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In this essay, the author
- Explains that each hallucinogen drug is consumed differently, resulting in different effects, depending on the form of digestion and dose.
- Explains that changes in the brain during adolescence make addiction more likely. the prefrontal cortex is responsible for making decisions, controlling emotions and reigning in desires.
- Explains that hallucinogen drugs are the oldest known drug found in plants and fungi that alter human perception and mood.
- Explains that hallucinogen drugs alter human perception and mood by changing the user's sense of reality.
- Explains the effects of hallucinogenic drugs such as psilocybin and peyote.
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In this essay, the author
- Explains that psychedelics, like mushrooms and dmt, hold similar potential for use in therapeutic sessions due to their effect on the mind.
- Explains that the term 'psychedelic' refers to naturally occurring hallucinogens, mainly psilocybin and dmt, which causes users to have an altered state of mind.
- Explains how aldous huxley introduces the reader to the literary world of psychedelics. terence mckenna devoted his life to understanding more about this mysterious fungus.
- Opines that psychedelics alter your cognitive functions and the way you perceive your surroundings, which is common knowledge. the experience is eye-opening and allows the subject to really sit back and take things in from a new perspective.
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- Opines that mushrooms and other psychedelics could be used in therapy for people with depression and terminal illness. many of these people find what they are looking for in hallucinogens.
- Compares the two forms of psychotherapy: psycholytic and psychedelic therapy.
935 wordsRead More - Lysergic Acid Diethlyamideexplanatory essayLysergic Acid Diethlyamide The psychedelic effects of d-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide-25 (LSD) were discovered by Dr. Albert Hoffman by accident in 1938. In the 1950s and 1960s, LSD was used by psychiatrists for analytic psychotherapy. It was thought that the administration of LSD could aid the patient in releasing repressed material. It was also suggested that psychiatrists themselves might develop more insight into the pathology of a diseased mind through self experimentation. 1,2
In this essay, the author
- Explains the psychedelic effects of d-lysergic acid diethylamide-25 (lsd) discovered by dr. hoffman by accident in 1938.
- Explains that science thrives on mystery and contradiction. the paper examines the relationship between neural activity and behavior, and discusses possible ways that lsd can affect the neurotransmitter receptors.
- Explains that although consciousness can't be described by a "grand unified theory", many of our cognitive mechanisms and behaviors can.
- Explains that lsd has affinities for 5-ht receptors, histamine, ach, dopamine and catecholines, making the brain stem a likely site for hallucinogenic mechanisms.
- Explains that lsd's effects on the lc are indirect. the majority of serotonergic neurons are located in the raphe nuclei (rn).
- Explains that the mechanism of lsd is related to the regulation of 5-ht activity in the rn.
- Explains that neurotransmitters can have excitatory or inhibitory effects, such as binding to a ligand activated channel in the post-synaptic cell.
- Explains that lsd pre-synaptically inhibits 5-ht neurons, which are autoreactive. serotonergic neurons have a negative feedback pathway.
- Explains that lsd causes a depletion of 5-ht through negative feedback in pre-synaptic autoreceptors.
- Explains that lsd may affect 5-ht receptor activity indirectly through adrenic or dopaminic pathways. however, pierce and peroutka argued that it has agonistic or antagonistic properties.
- Explains that the ability of lsd to inhibit a concentration 1000x greater is consistent with it being 5-ht2 antagonist.
- Explains that a number of 5-ht2 antagonists inhibited the ability of rats to discriminate lsd from saline.
- Explains that if lsd acted as a partial agonist with low efficacy, it could compete with 5-ht in binding to 5ht2 receptors.
- Explains that lsd behaves as a partial agonist, which is lent credence from the observation that 5-ht2 and 5-ht1c have similar relationships with various hallucinogens
- Opines that the lack of understanding about the mechanisms of lsd is indicative of the problems involved in bridging the worlds of psychology and neurobiology.
- Explains that lsd behaves as a high-affinity partial 5-ht agonist. it has an affinity for neurotransmitter receptors that play important roles in the brain stem such as norepinephrine, dopamine, and histamine.
- Describes the various aspects of brain serotonergic unit activity and its relevance to the neuropharmacology of serotonin.
- Explains the effects of drugs on serotonin mediated behavioral models.
4274 wordsRead More - Club Drugsargumentative essayRaves are becoming more popular than ever and these designer drugs are becoming even easier to get a hold of (Kusinitz 46). When asked, over 50 percent of high school seniors said they knew they could get ecstasy “fairly easily” or “very easily” if needed (National Institute on Drug Abuse). Since untrained amateurs commonly create designer drugs in underground laboratories, the drugs can be dangerous (Mass 16). Among all designer drugs, MDMA, or Ecstasy is the most commonly used (Kusinitz 47). Others include Ketamine known commonly as Special K or “K”, and LSD also known as acid.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes the effects of club drugs, such as changing the molecular structure of an existing drug or drugs to create a new substance.
- Explains that untrained amateurs create designer drugs in underground laboratories, which can be dangerous. ecstasy is the most commonly used, along with ketamine and lsd.
- Explains that ecstasy is used at the party and rave scene for its effects on the emotional state of the user.
- Explains that the use of ecstasy has led to more powerful drugs such as ketamine, known on the streets as special k.
- Explains that lsd is the most common form of hallucinogen and the easiest to get at raves. the physical effects of the drug include dilated pupils, muscle tightness, higher body temperature, sweating, sleeplessness, dry mouth, and tremors
- Concludes that all drugs have negative effects, even though they may sound safe, they possess potential risks especially if they are abused.
987 wordsRead More - Not Evan Onceexplanatory essayIndividuals who use methamphetamines have a wide variety of reason for starting their use. Some of the reasons people use meth is: mood elevation, self-medication, weight control, and for feelings of euphoria. Methamphetamine is a powerfully addictive stimulant used to enhance feelings of pleasure by hijacking the body’s central nervous system. Methamphetamine commonly enters the body in one of four ways: Meth can be inhaled, snorted, ingested, and injected intravenously or threw the anus. The initial high lasts anywhere form a few hours to a couple minutes. However, the side effects: heightened alertness, loss of time, and increased energy can last anywhere from 2-24 hours. Methamphetamine has a high addiction rate due to the fact that many users go on binges rather than using occasionally. Although meth has these short term benefits, they come with long term destruction. Methamphetamine affects the individual’s health in numerous ways over the long haul. Extended use can cause irreparable damage to the brain, lowered dopamine, Parkinson’s disease, movement disorders, Insomnia, birth defects, and death. Methamphetamine can also cause extensive damage to the individual’s mental health. Methamphetamine users develop numerous mental symptoms connected to prolonged use: such as addiction, violent...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the methamphetamine epidemic in the world today grows rapidly as our efforts to curb the growing plague go unnoticed. the individual using the drug is affected both mentally and physically.
- Explains that methamphetamine is a powerfully addictive stimulant used to enhance feelings of pleasure by hijacking the body's central nervous system. it can cause irreparable damage to the brain, lowered dopamine, parkinson’s disease, movement disorders, insomnia, birth defects, and death.
- Explains how addicts turn into ruthless criminals with no more money to buy their "dope" — stealing from close friends and family, muggings, and burglarizing businesses. prostitution is another trend that is popping up largely in young women.
- Opines that the ultimate solution to this epidemic is abstinence. idaho spends sixty to one hundred million dollars a year to incarcerate and treat methamphetamine users.
- Opines that if you ever find yourself faced with the opportunity to use, look at the statistics and ask yourself is it worth it? the outcome related to that decision will have to live with for the rest of your life.
729 wordsRead More - Facts about MDMAexplanatory essayIn 1998, 3.6 percent of 12th-graders, 3.3 percent of 10th-graders, and 1.8 percent of 8th-graders reported they had used MDMA in the past year, according to the NIDA-funded Monitoring the Future survey (MTF), which is conducted by the University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that mdma's psychedelic effects are milder than those produced by hallucinogens such as lsd and mescaline.
- Explains that mdma is available in tablet form and is usually ingested orally. it is also available as a powder, snorted and occasionally smoked but rarely injected.
- Explains that mdma stimulates the release of the neurotransmitter serotonin from brain neurons, producing a high that lasts from several minutes to an hour.
- Explains that information about mdma can be found on the nida home page at www.drugabuse.gov, fact sheets and recorded messages on infofax.
- Reports that the number of college students who had used mdma during the past year rose from 0.9% in 1991 to 2.4 percent in 1997, according to the nida-funded monitoring the future survey.
- Explains that mdma users may encounter problems similar to those experienced by amphetamine and cocaine users, including addiction. the stimulant effects of the drug can cause dehydration, hyperthermia, and heart or kidney failure.
507 wordsRead More - What Is Withdrawal And Tolerance?explanatory essayIndividuals using hallucinogens can see images, feel sensations and hear sounds that they perceive as real but are not (Whitbourne, 2017). Additional psychological effects include rapid intense moods swings and a the condition hallucinogen persisting perception disorder, where the individual has flashbacks or spontaneous hallucinations even though they are not intoxicated with the drug (Whitbourne, 2017). Depending on the type of hallucinogen, physiological effects may include increases in heart rate, blood pressure, blurred vision and muscle weakness (Whitbourne, 2017). Like many other substances, users may build up a tolerance after continued use, and certain hallucinogens such as MDMA are usually taken with other substances (Whitbourne, 2017). Depending on the hallucinogen abused, the withdrawal symptoms may vary, LCD users may choose to stop using it without withdrawal (Whitbourne,
In this essay, the author
- Explains withdrawal and tolerance are two different but very important factors of substance abuse.
- Explains that withdrawal includes both physiological and psychological changes that occur when an individual stops using a substance. emotional withdrawal symptoms can be associated with any drug at different levels of severity, and can include depression, poor concentration, anxiety and irritability.
- Explains that opioids are psychoactive substances that relieve pain and can also produce euphoria and physical dependence.
- Explains that hallucinogens are psychoactive substances that cause individuals to have abnormal and distorted perceptions of reality.
- Explains that the dsm-5 classifies eccentric behavior in cluster a. paranoid personality disorder is suspicious of others and looks to conform to others' expectations. psychotherapy is effective, and medications like antidepressants and antipsychotics are helpful.
- Explains that schizoid personality disorder is uninterested in social and sexual relationships, and has a limited range of emotional expression and experience. the etiology is not known, but there is believed to be genetic link to developing the disorder.
- Explains that the dsm-v has allowed psychologists to diagnose personality disorders based on the definitions and symptoms listed in it.
- Explains that there are flaws with the categorical diagnostic system in the dsm-v, such as the lack of antisocial behavior and narcissistic behavior, and the addition of dimensional ratings of pathological personality traits.
1129 wordsRead More