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Effects of informal sector on economy
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From the past mobsters swarming New York City, to the modern day thugs in today’s contemporary world, the informal economy or more commonly known as the underground economy has existed. The Informal economy has been an issue that many economists cannot distinguish as to whether it will positively or negatively have an impact on our world then or today. The informal sector of the economy includes ranges to a variety of different goods and services that are not recorded, legal, or illegal. Some illegal activities involve the purchase, sale, and transport of drugs in addition to prostitution and guns, while others are conduct off the book transactions, “which is income from legal sources, often found in the construction and services industries, where taxes are not withheld or paid” (Grammy, 2011). The underground economy is one of the many shortcomings of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country, which create complications for one to accurately measure the wellbeing of the economy. The greater the size of the underground economy, the smaller the Gross Domestic Product is. The Informal economy possesses a negative effect on the economy of the United states, and other developing countries, thus effecting the Gross Domestic Product by misrepresenting the employment rate of that economy, damaging developing countries, and citizens not contributing to taxes that leads to the depleting of our world.
The Gross Domestic Product has many shortcomings associated with it, leading people to believe it is not accurate when measuring the overall economic well-being. With the informal economy on the rise, the underground sector is almost 10 percent of the GDP, and in Europe...
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...ax which depletes our world and our economy. Overall, the informal sector has a huge impact on the measure of GDP, though it will never be truly know how well or how poor our economy is until the goods and services being sold unrecorded are minimized.
References
Grammy, A. (2011, November 28). The Underground Economy. The CSUB Business Blog. Retrieved November 29, 2013, from http://www.csub.edu/kej/documents/economic_rsch/2011-11-28.pdf
How does underground economic activity affect the value of GDP? [Online forum post]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www2.dsu.nodak.edu/users/fernando/office/courses/exit_exam/Question_13.pdf
The Underground Economy Affects GDP Accuracy and Taxes. (2013, April 27). The Underground Economy Affects GDP Accuracy and Taxes. Retrieved November 29, 2013, from http://www.econlife.com/underground-economy-how-much-did-the-gdp-really-grow/
In the 1970’s Patricia Adler and her husband infiltrated a large drug smuggling and dealing ring located in Southwest County of southern California with the intent of learning more about the covert group. In Adler’s book Wheeling and Dealing: an Ethnography of an Upper-Level Drug Dealing and Smuggling Community, she delves into the multifaceted lifestyle and activities of those in the Southwest County drug world. In this paper, I will look into the factors that initiated their entry into the drug world, their activates that facilitated their smuggling and dealing of drugs, and their exit from the drug world, while applying multiple theories to explain their illegal behavior.
This “business” aspect of organized crime is what the movie industry has latched on to in the Gangster genre. In Scarface, Tony Camonte is in the business of selling beer to the town watering holes. Of course, he doesn’t so much sell the beer as force it on the bar owners at jacked up prices. And just like any other business, there is competition for dominance in the market. And for this dominance, or rather monopoly, ringleaders do not think twice about taking their competition out – not by buying them out or forcing them into bankruptcy, but by sending a squad out to murder them.
Their main focus is to engage and teach the ordinary person versatile concepts of economics in an inoffensive way. In doing so, they account for all manner of people who might be reading it, including drug dealers. That way, a drug dealer could read facts about their line of work and digest data concerning it, without feeling offended or attacked by the words the authors chose. Levitt and Dubner make their book an all inclusive reading because anyone can read it from any walk of life and not be offended in doing so.
“I was a true hustler - uneducated, unskilled at anything honorable, and I considered myself nervy and cunning enough to live by my wits, exploiting any prey that presented itself I would risk just about anything. Right now, in every big city ghetto, tens of thousands of yesterdays and today's school drop outs are keeping body and soul together by some form of hustling in the same way I did And they inevitably move into more and more, worse and worse, illegality and immorality. Full time hustlers never can relax to appraise what they are doing and where they are bound. As is the case in any jungle, the hustler's - every waking hour is lived with both the practical and the subconscious knowledge that if he ever relaxes, if he ever slows down, the other hungry, restless foxes, ferrets, wolves, and vultures out there with him won't hesitate to make him their prey. (Autobiography, pp. 109-110)
Here in this book, Eric Schlosser is keeping with the long tradition of the so called, “yellow” journalism, in wresting the black market, from the back alleys of public consciousness and putting it on display in the storefront of the eye of everyone. In the painfully, yet enjoyable essays, Eric Schlosser takes us on many numerous excursions through the war on marijuana, the lives of immigrant farm workers, and the very dirty sex industry in the United States. He paints a very graphic image of hypocrisy in the policies of the U.S. government by examining the power of the economy of the underground and the misuse of government resources in legislating morality to its public. .
Reuter, Peter. The Organization of Illegal Markets: An Economic Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1985.
The measure of growth is flawed, how countries see their growth is based on the consumption of their people. Many countries use the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) as an indicator for growth, as defined in It’s All Connected, “(GDP) is a calculation of the total monetary value of goods and services produced annually in a country” (Wheeler 11). The...
"Gross Domestic Product." International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. 2008. Retrieved January 09, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3045300969.html
Wages are classified as being below “living wage”, and are not enough to support a family. Workers are paid less than 1% of the retail price of the product, for example, Honduran garment factory workers were paid US$0.24 for each US$50 Sean John sweatshirt (Sean John Setisa Report, 2003). We are often shocked at the wages in developing countries, but we must analyse the wage by the country standards in which it is being paid. In developing countries the main concern is food and shelter, so when the living standards are low, the money can go a lot further.
Congress recognized this new problem that criminals encountered and began to enact money-laundering laws aimed at preventing the criminals from accessing these profits. Congress has created a regulatory system that works to identify the point at which criminals try and invest those profits or funnel them through the financial institution. As the black market becomes more profitable, anti-money laundering laws provide a unique alternative to many of the other laws aimed at preventing and punishing crime. Instead of only convicting the drug dealer who stood on the corner, anti-money laundering laws establish liability for anyone who has knowledge of the illicit origin and proceeds to transact with the drug dealer. They aim to take away any ability to use profits and thus any incentive to get involved in profitabl...
Concerned authorities have focused essentially on criminalization and punishment, to find remedies to the ever-increasing prevalent drug problem. In the name of drug reducing policies, authorities endorse more corrective and expensive drug control methods and officials approve stricter new drug war policies, violating numerous human rights. Regardless of or perhaps because of these efforts, UN agencies estimate the annual revenue generated by the illegal drug industry at $US400 billion, or the equivalent of roughly eight per cent of total international trade (Riley 1998). This trade has increased organized/unorganized crime, corrupted authorities and police officials, raised violence, disrupted economic markets, increased risk of diseases an...
When we look at the modern changes in the way organized crimes is developing on a global scale and its influence to one’s narrative in seeking economic freedom in order to provide for our families. Organized Crime has been a contributor to the dehumanization of access to our human rights. For example Human Trafficking has been around ancient to contemporary slavery (Lyon 2006) and is still in existence today it has become beneficial to a lot of criminal intenders who exploits free labour by luring hundreds of Canadian women and children into prostitution every day. This shows an example of slavery been intractable to globalized economics, as slave labour in the global South touches many products consumed in the North. (Bales, 2007; Charle,
Drug trafficking is a prohibited, global trade that involves the production, the distribution, and the sales of drugs. It is a topic that has become a very large issue all over the world. It also has had a very big effect on many different countries because they often depend on the business that the drug trafficking creates. Since it has become such a problem, there have been many different efforts to put a stop to drug trafficking by different enforcement agencies. A website about drug statistics, drugabuse.net, indicated that the Drug Enforcement Agency or DEA, as it is well known as, makes over thirty thousand arrests each year dealing with the illegal sales or distribution of drugs. It is also believed that Mexico’s economy would shrink by over sixty-three percent if they lost their drug trafficking industry. There are many different tribulations like this that drug trafficking has created. Many people see it as such a vital asset to some countries, so it has emerged as an extremely big business that brings in a boatload of money. Just like any other immense problem, drug trafficking has its causes and effects
Retrieved October 5, 2009, from ABI/INFORM Global. Document ID: 1336754141. Seneca Hotel. (2002). The 'Secondary' of Gangs in the Global City? Retrieved October 2, 2009, from http://www.cd
During 2012, Sierra Leone’s diamond industries were unbelievable, and the amount of exporting was over one hundred millions of dollars in U.S. dollars (Sierra). The principles of supply and demand seem central in the characterization of the various trends in the market. In various market structures, the black market tends to be rarely regulated. However, the black market observes in the venture allow for the integration of some strategies in the effort of the market to the interest traders. Traders pegged to the various black market on the places where best deals are secured on illegal merchandise. These goods are defined to be oriented on the interests of the society, as well as the improvement in demands. Veblen goods are the main targets of such market developments. This originates from people increase demand and status of luxury associated to their usage, and implies the prospective capacity of the reduction of the performance of the rest of the goods.