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Japanese culture and religion
Buddhism brought to Japan heian culture
Japanese religion and culture
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During the Medieval period (1185–1600) in Japan there was change and innovation in Japanese literature. This period was largely influenced by the ideals of Buddhist and the ruling military class. During this time, Buddhist religions were also greatly influenced by the handling of the priests and monks. And there were many civil wars that led to different classes in the society. Actually, there are many different types of people who helped form the medieval period. People like the emperors and priests, women and poet author, and samurai. The work during the medieval periods usually consisted mentality distorted, not perfect, and deal with the unfortunate and retribution. Insights from life and death, ghost that haunted people, redemption through killing, …show more content…
Then he broke his bow to make a staff, shod his feet in low clogs and set off toward Nara” (The Tale of Heike, 311). This shows that “The Tale of Heike” is a focus on Buddhism and conflict. Another example that shows the focus on Buddhism was when Yorimasa is praying to Budddha before he commits suicide, “Like a fossil tree, Which has borne not one blossom, sad has been my life sadder still to end to my days, leaving no fruit behind me” (Imaging Japanese History page 3). This also shows the importance of Buddhism, and the concept of impermanence that accompanies it, in The Tale of Heike. These references to Buddhism throughout The Tale of Heike reflect the spread of Buddhism in medieval Japanese society, and the importance it had. The Tale of Heike is the matter of their compilation. The Tale of Heike was written by many different authors, and no one really knows how it is compiled. There were also changes and innovations during the medieval period in the ideals of the
The Meiji era (1868-1912) in Japan was an era of significant social, political and economic change. After the fall of the previously reigning Tokugawa shogunate (Bakufu), the new Meiji rulers sought to advance Japanese social structures and become more modernised in order to compete and been seen as equals with the Western powers. In response to Westernisation, the Meiji regime brought about several significant social changes in the society of Japan. These included the abolishment of the feudal classes, the introduction of compulsory education, and movement away from previously defined ideals and roles, such as the position of women in the home and in the workplace.
The word Zen was foreign to the Western world a while ago. But because of the realization that Zen plays a major role in Asian arts such as the Japanese tea ceremony, Japanese poetry (haiku), flower arrangement, calligraphy and landscaping, Zen’s influence has become familiar to them. As a result, anyone has at least once heard the word Zen these days, but not many people can explain what that means despite its increasing popularity. The mystical nature is as strong as ever. One of the reasons is that Zen is not supposed to be explained in words, but rather to be experienced by individuals. For instance, if someone does not know what pasta is, it is difficult to explain pasta to that person no matter how good you are at describing it. In the end, you have to experience it by yourself if you want to know what it really like. It is like “experiencing is believing.” In addition, Zen is not an action but it is an attitude of mind. You do not need to learn anything new because the answers are already inside you. You just need to become one with nature and be aware. Now, what is the origin of Zen and what impact Zen is having on our culture and health?
The Tale of the Heike is a Japanese epic poem relating the rise and eventual, inevitable fall of the Taira clan, also referred to as the Heike, during the end of the 12th century. The epic consists of thirteen books. Within the first five, the consolidation of power by the Taira is outlined featuring the “tyrant” Taira no Kiyomori. After Kiyomori’s death in the sixth book, the focus shifts to the rival clan, the Minamoto or Genji, as they orchestrate the complete destruction of the Taira and establish themselves as the dominant house. In contextualizing this work’s importance, Heike is regarded as a “seminal masterpiece of Japanese culture” on the level of The Tale of Genji.
Originally from Japan, Soyen Shaku was the first Zen master to arrive in America. His followers urged him not to come to a nation that was so ill-mannered and uncultivated and that the Japanese were facing extreme discrimination. Shaku’s countrymen Hirai Ryuge Kinzo “offered pointed examples: the barring of a Japanese student from a university on the basis of his race; the exclusion of Japanese children from the San Francisco public schools; the processions of American citizens bearing placards saying ‘Japs Must Go!’” (Eck 185). After several decades, there was a Zen boom of the 1950s and that was how Buddhism affected western culture, especially in regards to entertainment. “‘Zen’ is “the Japanese pronunciation of the Chinese character "chan," which is in turn the Chinese translation from the Indian Sanskrit term "dhyana," which means meditation’” (Lin).
Medieval Europe and Japan all began with the feudal system which is a political, military and social system in the middle Ages. The feudal system started the medieval social construction. In Europe the top category of the structure was the King, then the Nobles, next Knights, then the merchants or traders and farmers, ending with the peasants. The Catholic Church and Christianity religion had a massive impact throughout the medieval times in Europe. Trade and markets are impressions that had an influence on medieval Europe as well. In Japan it was also built by the feudal system. Japanese people also had a social structure, they just called each of the social classes a divergent name and accompany some differences on what the ...
Chonin culture, low culture that created by merchants and artisans who were the lowest social position and did business with samurai and peasants in Tokugawa period, acted as a key role of developing the Japanese culture. It included leisure activities such as linked verse, haikai composition and Puppet Theater to entertain leisured class which included daimyo, samurai and rich merchants (HUMA 1400 Course kit, 164). Despite the fact that Chonin culture during the Tokugawa period was characterized by indulgence in sensual pleasures of a leisured class, it contributed to developing Japanese literature and arts.
“Buddhism has the characteristics of what would be expected in a cosmic religion for the future; it transcends a personal God, avoids dogmas and theology; it covers both the natural and spiritual, and it is based on a religious sense aspiring from the experience of all things, natural and spiritual, as a meaningful unity.” Albert Einstein (Buddhism)
Buddhism has grown to become one of the leading religions of the world because of its adherents, geographical distribution and social and cultural influence. Initially originated in Asia, the non-theistic religion had the capacity to influence many different cultures, civilisations and societies, which has absorbed to over 370 million people around the world today.
Japanese contact with China approximately began in 500 CE during the beginning of the Asuka period. The Japanese sent envoys of monks, scholars, artists and students to the mainland. The expeditions were prompted by Shotoku Taishi (Strayer). Shotoku Taishi was a prince who ruled Japan during the Asuka period. These expeditions happened during the Tang Dynasty so the Japanese assimilated many Neo-Confucian ideals into their political system and adopted a more centralized government system with a capital city of Saikyo (ancient Kyoto) mirroring the Chinese capital of Chang’an. These expeditions also influenced artists and intellectuals initiating an artistic and intellectual revolution within Japan spurred by Buddhism. Evidence of this artistic
Samurai or “Bushi” were the greatest warriors of pre-modern Japan. They became the highest-ranking social class of the Edo period, 1603 – 1867 (Japan-Guide, 2015). Their main forms of weaponry were bows, spears and guns. Their most important and most common was a sword. Samurai lived by the Bushido code meaning they had a great loyalty to their master, the Daimyo. They presented themselves with self-discipline, respect and ethical behaviour. The Bushido code was so strict, that the Samurai were prepared to commit sepuku (suicide) if they broke any of the sacred rules. They are still considered as Historical Heroes and are still a monumental part of Japan’s history and identity.
For centuries, Buddhism and Hinduism have had a significant impact on various areas of the world. Many have adopted and integrated the aspects of these religious into their architecture, specifically Southeast Asia. While both Buddhism and Hinduism has had a significant impact separately in several areas such as China and India, the combination of the two have been influential to religious architecture in Southeast Asia.
The Japanese medieval age consists of the Kamakura and Muromachi periods (from approximately 1185 to 1600). During this time, the political power was switching from the imperial family to a militaristic government. In addition, civil wars (from 1156 to 1568) were increasing throughout Japan. This change of centrality in society’s focus from court to warriors shifted the perception and style of Japanese literature.
People from all parts of the world have their own specific set of beliefs that they choose to follow. The religions that people choose to follow are often influenced by their social location. Our families and the culture that people are born into often shapes how we experience and view the world. All of the different religions that exist in this world have their own system of beliefs that set them apart from the others.
In ancient Japan during the Heian Era, which lasted from 794-1185, the government began to lose control of the empire and the clans were all fighting with each other for power and land. To retain some authority, the emperor hired Samurai. While Samurai are most commonly known as warriors, they were originally hired to be tax collectors for the emperor. When the fighting between clans got worse, “For protection, large landowners hired armies of samurai, or trained professional warriors” (Ramirez, Stearns, Wineburg 517). The Samurai lived by a set of rules known as the Bushido code. The Samurai, who were highly respected because they were warriors, also lived a structured life, as the Bushido code was very strict. Although the Bushido Code was
The Medieval time period was an important era for the growth of culture throughout the entire world. We owe many innovations used in design, architecture and overall style to the works of the many artists that flourished in the middle ages. Each of the four periods of development were unique to one another, yet followed an overlying religious theme that defined the medieval times. The advancements made during that time were able to influence to the 800 years of art that lead up to present day, and still remain visually and architecturally beautiful.